英语四级写作方法与技巧必备句型

　　The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him

　　2. many as well as 和 might as well as many

　　as well as 可译为 与其 ，不如 ，更好 ， 以这样做 为宜 ， 如同 ，也可以 等等。 might as well as 表示不可能的事，可译为 犹如 ， 可与 一样荒唐 ， 与其那样不如这样的好 等等。

　　One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.

　　3. so that, such that 是一个普通的句型，但在同一个句子里有两处使用它却比较少见。

　　The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.

　　4. by doing 结构。这个结构的意思是 通过(做) ，但翻译实践中不能拘泥于这种释义，不少情况下需要灵活变通。

　　5. something(much)of 和 nothing(little)of

　　something of 相当于 to some extent ，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为 anything of ，可译为 有点 ， 略微等。 译为毫无 ， 全无 . much of 译为 大有 ， not much of 可译为 算不上 ， 称不上 ， little of 可译为 几乎无 .something like译为 有点像，略似。

　　They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.

　　6. 同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物， of 以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰 of 后面的那个名词。如 her old sharper of a father ，可译为： 她那骗子般的父亲 .

　　Those pigs of girls eat so much.

　　7. as as can(may)be

　　It is as plain as plain can be.

　　8. It is in(with) as in(with)

　　It is in life as in a journey.

　　9. when 引导状语从句有时并不好译，不能一看到when从句就考虑译为 当 的时候 ，它还有许多种译法。

　　Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.

　　10. not because ，有时可否定前面，有时可否定because本身，往往出现歧义。应根据上下文面判定。

　　In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.

　　11. to make of 的译法(使 成为 ，把 当作)

　　I will make a scientist of my son.

　　12. oo +不定式 ，not(never)too +不定式 ， too not+不定式

　　She is too angry to speak.

　　13. only(not, all, but, never) too to do so 和 too ready (apt) + to do 结构中，不定式也没有否定意义，凡是 not ， all but等字后+ too to， 不定式都失去了否定意义，在 too ready(apt) +to do 结构中，不定式也没有否定意义。

　　You know but too yell to hold your tongue.

　　14. no more than 句型

　　A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.

　　15. not so much as 和 not so much as 结构， not so much as = not so much as ，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为： 与其说是 毋须说是 .而 not so much as = without(not)even， 可译为 甚至 还没有 .

　　The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

　　16. Nothing is more than 和 Nothing is so as 结构， Nothing is more than 和 Nothing is so as 都具有最高级比较的意思， Nothing I 可换用 no ， nobody ， nowhere ， little ， few ， hardly ， scarcely 等等，可译为 没有 比 更为 ， 像 再没有了 ， 最 等。

　　Nothing is more precious than time.

　　17. cannot too 结构, cannot too 意为 It is impossible to overdo 或者，即 无论怎样 也不算过分 . not 可换用 hardly ， scarcely 等， too 可换用 enough ， sufficient 等。

　　You cannot be too careful.

　　18. 否定+but 结构，在否定词后面的 but ，具有 which not ， who not ， that not ，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成 没有 不是 或 都 等。

　　Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.

　　19. 否定+until (till) 结构，在否定词 no ， not ， never ， little ， few ， seldom 等的后边所接用的 until/ till ，多数情况下译为 直到 才 ， 要 才 ，把否定译为肯定。

　　Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.

　　20. not so but 和 not such a but 结构，这两个结构和 否定+but 的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的 but 是含有 that not 意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为 还没有 到不能做 的程度 ， 并不是 不 ， 无论怎样 也不是不能 等。

　　He is not so sick but he can come to school.

　　21. 疑问词+should but 结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为 none but ，可译为 除了 还有谁会 ， 岂料 ， 想不到 竟是 等。

　　Who should write it but himself?

　　22. who knows but (that) 和 who could should but 结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为 多半 ， 亦未可知 等等，有时也可直译。

　　Who knows but (that) he may go?

　　23. 祈使句+and 和 祈使句+or 结构， 祈使句+and 表示 If you ， 祈使名+or 表示 if not ，you.

　　24. 名词+and 结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。

　　A word, and he would lose his temper.

　　25. as ,so 结构，这里的 so 的意思是 in the same way (也是如此)。此结构表明两个概念在程度上和关系上相似。

　　As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.

　　26. if any 结构， if any 和 if ever ，意思是 果真有 ， 即使有 ，表示加强语气。与此类似的还有： if anything (如有不同的话，如果稍有区别)， if a day (=at least，至少)。

　　There is little, if any, hope.

　　27. be it ever(never)so 和 let it be ever(never)so 结构，这里， be it 中的 be 是古英语假设语气的遗留形式，现代英语则使用 let it be . ever so 和 never so 都表示同一意思，都表示 very .

　　Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.

　　28. the last+不定式 和 the last +定语从词 结构，这种结构中的 last 意思是 the least likely ，用于否定性推论。可译为 最不大可能的 ， 最不合适的 ，由原意的 最后一个 变成 最不可能 的一个 .

　　He is the last man to accept a bride.

　　29. so that 句型，这个句型的意思是 如此 ，以致于 ，但在翻译成汉语时，许多情况下，并不是一定要译成 如此 以致于 ，而是变通表达其含义。

　　He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.

　　30. more + than+原级形容词(副词) 结构，这是将不同性质加以比较，其中的 more 有 rather 的意思。

　　It is more than probable that he will fall.

　　31. more than +动词 结构，这种结构表示动词的程度，可译为 异常 ， 岂止 ， 十二分地 等。

　　This more than satisfied me.

　　32. good and 的副词用法，译为 非常 ， 很 等。类似还有 nice and , fine and , lovely and , bright and , rare and , big and 等，均表示程度。

　　The apples are good and ripe.

　　33. and that 结构，这个 and that 应译为 而且 ，表示对它前面陈述部分的语气加强， that 代表前面的整个陈述部分。

　　Return to your work , and that at once.

　　34. at once and 结构，这个结构译为 既 又 ，起相关连接的作用，相当于 both and .

　　The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.

　　35. in that 结构，这个结构的意思是 在那一点上(方面) ，可译为 因为 .类似的结构还有 in this .

　　The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.

　　36. the name notwithstanding 结构，这个结构中 notwithstanding 是介词，这个介词可以置前，可以置后，比如也可写成： notwithstanding the name .起让步状语的作用。

　　Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored. But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.

　　37. Every not 和 All not 结构， Every not 表示 不见得每个 都是 ; All not 表示 不见得所有 都是 的意思。

　　Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.

　　38. may as well not as 结构，此结构可译为 与其 不如不 .

　　One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.

　　39. have only to do 结构，此结构表示 只须(消) 就能 的意思。

　　We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.

　　40. not (no) unless 句型

　　No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.

　　41. better than 句型

　　Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.

　　42. as it were 是一个非常常用的插入语，意思是 好象 ， 可以说 等。

　　Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.

　　43. 复杂结构，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定语从句过长，把谓语must realize提到定语从句之前。

　　Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.

　　44. not any more than 为： 不能 ，正如不能 .

　　One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.

　　45. By that as it may 是 Let it be that as it may 的省略形式，是由 be 引起的另外一种假设结构，意思是 虽然如此，尽管这样 .

　　It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.

　　46. if at all 是一个由 if 引起的主谓结构不完整的短句结为 即将 ， 即使 等。

　　I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.

　　47. 由there引起的句型容易产生复杂的句子结构.

　　There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.

　　48. range from to 结构。这是一个常见结构，译时很多情况下应变通处理，不能完全依靠辞典上的释义。

　　Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.

　　49. the way 结构

　　I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.

　　50. 复杂宾补结构

　　In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.

　　51. 某些分隔结构

　　1) 动词短语相关部分被分隔(当 make use of ， take notice of ， pay attention to ，等动词短语变成被动语态时)。

　　Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.

　　2)双重定语引起的分隔。

　　But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.

　　52. to be doing when 是一个句型，多译为 某人正在做 时，突然 .在简单的句子中容易看出，一旦句子变得复杂一些，可能就不太容易识别这种句型。

　　She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 oclock, when a very big, very tall man , accosted them and demanded their purses.

　　53. too to 句型

　　Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.

　　54. so much that 句型

　　But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.

　　55. It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型

　　She had said what it was necessary to say.

　　56. 强调句型

　　It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.

　　57. All+抽象名词 或 抽象名词+itself (very+形容词)

　　He was all gentleness to her.

　　58. 利用词汇重复表示强调

　　A crime is a crime a crime.

　　The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.

　　59. 下面例句为一倒装句，主语很长，而且又含有非常复杂的句型。这是以形容词作表语的倒装，翻译实践中多把倒装部分译到最前面。

　　No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.

　　60. what of 句型

　　I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do; I write as I can.

　　61. 英语的一个习惯用法是：当否定谓语think(believe)时，实际上是否定其后面的宾语从句。否定就落在宾语从句上。这样宾语从句就变成了双重否定，译时可以按双重否定译，也可按肯定来译。

　　It is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.

　　62. to have not (as) to see 中的不定式也有否定意味。

　　He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction.

　　63. It occurred to sb. that 意为 突然想到 ， It dawned on sb.that . 突然想起 等。 从句是想起的内容。

　　I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger. He suddenly looked back at me-i.e.our eyes met. My instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze. It occurred to me that if I had continued to maintain eye contact, I would have been rude and aggressive.