【北师大版】2024届高考英语一轮复习精选导学案语篇微写作强化系列Test 10

　　Test 10

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　There are two types of people in the world.Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life，one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy.This arises from the different ways in which they consider things，persons，events and the resulting effects upon their minds.

　　People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things：the pleasant parts of conversation，the well prepared dishes，the goodness of the wine and the fine weather.They enjoy all the cheerful things.Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.Therefore，they are continually dissatisfied.By their remarks，they sour_the_pleasure_of_society，offend(hurt) many people，and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.If this turn of mind was founded in nature，such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied.The intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿)．It grows into a habit，unknown to its possessors.The habit may be strong，but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes.I hope this little warning may be of service to them，and help them change this habit.

　　Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination，it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck.Those people offend many others; nobody loves them，and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect.This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments.If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune，nobody wishes them success.Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes.If they bring on themselves public objections，no one will defend or excuse them，and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings.These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing，without worrying needlessly about themselves and others.If they do not，it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.Otherwise，it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient，especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

　　1．People who are unhappy ________.

　　A．always consider things differently from others

　　B．usually are affected by the results of certain things

　　C．usually misunderstand what others think or say

　　D．always discover the unpleasant side of certain things

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判断题。从第二段“Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.”可以看出另一些人为什么感到不幸福。

　　2．The underlined phrase “sour the pleasure of society” in Paragraph 2 most nearly means “________”．

　　A．have a good taste with social life

　　B．make others unhappy

　　C．tend so scold others openly

　　D．enjoy the pleasure of life

　　答案　B

　　解析　词义猜测题。从该短语后的“...offend (hurt) many people，and make themselves disagreeable everywhere”可以猜出“sour the pleasure of society”的正确含义。

　　3．We can conclude from the passage that ________.

　　A．we should pity all such unhappy people

　　B．such unhappy people are dangerous to social life

　　C．people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness

　　D．unhappy people can not understand happy persons

　　答案　C

　　解析　推理判断题。从第二段中倒数第二句话“The habit may be strong，but it may be cured...”可以判断出人们可以改变不幸福的脾性。

　　4．If such unhappy persons insist on keeping the habit，the author suggests that people should ________.

　　A．prevent any communication with them

　　B．show no respect and politeness to them

　　C．persuade them to recognize the bad effects

　　D．quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes

　　答案　A

　　解析　推理判断题。从第三段的倒数第二句话可以看出作者的态度。

　　5．In this passage，the writer mainly ________.

　　A．describes two types of people

　　B．laughs at the unhappy people

　　C．suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappiness

　　D．tells people how to be happy in life

　　答案　C

　　解析　主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是那些感觉不幸福的人处处冒犯别人，若长此以往，则只能处于被孤立的境地，所以他们应改变自己的习惯。

　　B

　　A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes，as a rule，to have it retold in almost the same words，but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts.It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book，and，if a parent can produce what，in the actual situation of the time and the child，is an improvement on the printed text，so much the better.

　　A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking.To prove the latter，one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not.As to fears，there are，I think，some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story.Often，however，this arises from the child having heard the story once.Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.

　　There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true，that giants，witches，two-headed dragons，magic carpets，etc.do not exist; and that，instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales，the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history.I find such people，I must say so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them.If their cases were sound，the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girlfriend.

　　No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.

　　6．The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ________.

　　A．repeated without any change

　　B．treated as a joke

　　C．made some changes by the parent

　　D．set in the present

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据“It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book，and，if a parent can produce what，in the actual situation of the time and the child，is an improvement on the printed text，so much the better.”可推知此题答案为C项。

　　7．According to the passage，great fear can take place in a child when the story is ________.

　　A．in a realistic setting

　　B．heard for the first time

　　C．repeated too often

　　D．told in a different way

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据“this arises(出现) from the child having heard the story once”可推知此题答案为B项。

　　8．The advantage claimed(提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ________.

　　A．makes them less fearful

　　B．develops their power of memory

　　C．makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of

　　D．encourages them not to have strange beliefs

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。根据“Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.”可以得出答案。

　　9．The author’s mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ________.

　　A．fairy stories are still being made up

　　B．there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales

　　C．people try to modernize old fairy stories

　　D．there is more concern for children’s fears nowadays

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判断题。有些人认为神话不现实，都是教孩子一些不存在的东西，会对孩子有不好的影响。作者用虚拟语气作了一个假设，如果这些观点站得住脚的话，可能会出现这样的情况：the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.可见持这种观点的人实际上是对神话的一种误解。

　　10．One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that ________.

　　A．they are full of imagination

　　B．they just make up the stories which are far from the truth

　　C．they are not interesting

　　D．they make teachers of history difficult to teach

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判断题。根据“...not objectively true...do not exist”可知有些人不赞成神话故事的原因是这些故事是编出来的，远离现实。故选B项。

　　Ⅱ.微写作

　　写作素材

　　1．在教师节的那一天，我们举办了一个晚会。

　　2．会上班长向班主任敬献了准备好了的鲜花。

　　3．我们知道，对于老师的辛勤工作与指导，再怎么感谢她也不为过。

　　(素材来源于2024·陕西·书面表达)

　　提示：尽量使用高级表达：非限制性定语从句；过去分词作定语；宾语从句等。

　　连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

　　On Teachers’ Day，we held a party，where our monitor presented our head-teacher with the prepared flowers.We all know we can’t thank her enough for all her hard work and guidance.

　　1．equal adj.平等的　equality n．平等　be equal to sb.in...在……方面和某人平等　have no equal无敌

　　2．service n．服务　serve v．服务；服役　be of service to sb.对某人有用　do sb.a service帮某人一个忙　be at one’s service任某人随意使用　It serves sb.right活该

　　3．fix attention on集中注意力于　fix one’s eyes on注视着　focus on集中

　　4．aim at doing...针对……　with the aim of目的是……　take aim瞄准　be aimed at旨在……

　　5．The habit may be strong，but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes.

　　该句是由but连接的并列句，在后半句中包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句，在该从句中又出现一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰those。

　　学会一种单词记忆法

　　17．歌曲记忆：通过唱英语歌曲记忆单词，“听霸”“听力超人”等软件中有许多英文歌曲，并配有歌词和译文。

　　18．复习记忆：单词记住了，很快会忘掉，每隔一段时间要进行复习，巩固所学单词。

　　如何做细节理解题？

　　细节性问题有两种基本形式：完全式和不完全式。例如：

　　(1)What were things like in the 1980s when accidents happened？(完全式)

　　(2) The Sun’s light travels slowly when ________.(不完全式)

　　本节中的10个题全部是不完全式。

　　做细节性问题时需要注意以下几个方面：

　　1．每篇文章不论长短都有其中心思想，用以支持和发展中心思想的具体信息就是命题时的重要依据。答题时，学生要围绕中心思想，特别留意阅读材料中的有关数字、时间、专有名词、原因和特点等的具体信息。

　　2．题干中的标识语是从阅读材料中快速寻找答题依据的“路标”。最常见的就是用引号所标识的关键词或标明的标识语所在的具体行数。例如：The author’s attitude toward “most economists in the United States” can best be described as ________.。另外，题干中的地名、人名、数字、日期、专有名词等也是寻找正确答案的路标。像第8题题干中的repeating fairy stories to young children，第9题题干中的sticks and telephones 就是标识语，它有助于我们快速地找到该题在文章中所出现的具体位置，缩短答题时间。做这种题型往往需要运用检索阅读方法(scanning)，即要注意题干中的标识语，带着问题有的放矢地在阅读材料中寻找某一个特定信息(日期、数字、专有名词等)的具体位置。学生不必逐行阅读，也不必考虑文章的结构布局。Scanning的具体步骤为：(1)要时刻记住所要寻找的特定信息；(2)应该快速沿纸页或栏目自上而下扫视，时刻期待着相关信息的出现；(3)必要时可适当停留，辨别是否找到了特定的信息。

　　Test 10

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　There are two types of people in the world.Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life，one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy.This arises from the different ways in which they consider things，persons，events and the resulting effects upon their minds.

　　People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things：the pleasant parts of conversation，the well prepared dishes，the goodness of the wine and the fine weather.They enjoy all the cheerful things.Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.Therefore，they are continually dissatisfied.By their remarks，they sour_the_pleasure_of_society，offend(hurt) many people，and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.If this turn of mind was founded in nature，such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied.The intention of criticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿)．It grows into a habit，unknown to its possessors.The habit may be strong，but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes.I hope this little warning may be of service to them，and help them change this habit.

　　Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination，it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck.Those people offend many others; nobody loves them，and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect.This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments.If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune，nobody wishes them success.Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes.If they bring on themselves public objections，no one will defend or excuse them，and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings.These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing，without worrying needlessly about themselves and others.If they do not，it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.Otherwise，it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient，especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

　　1．People who are unhappy ________.

　　A．always consider things differently from others

　　B．usually are affected by the results of certain things

　　C．usually misunderstand what others think or say

　　D．always discover the unpleasant side of certain things

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判断题。从第二段“Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.”可以看出另一些人为什么感到不幸福。

　　2．The underlined phrase “sour the pleasure of society” in Paragraph 2 most nearly means “________”．

　　A．have a good taste with social life

　　B．make others unhappy

　　C．tend so scold others openly

　　D．enjoy the pleasure of life

　　答案　B

　　解析　词义猜测题。从该短语后的“...offend (hurt) many people，and make themselves disagreeable everywhere”可以猜出“sour the pleasure of society”的正确含义。

　　3．We can conclude from the passage that ________.

　　A．we should pity all such unhappy people

　　B．such unhappy people are dangerous to social life

　　C．people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness

　　D．unhappy people can not understand happy persons

　　答案　C

　　解析　推理判断题。从第二段中倒数第二句话“The habit may be strong，but it may be cured...”可以判断出人们可以改变不幸福的脾性。

　　4．If such unhappy persons insist on keeping the habit，the author suggests that people should ________.

　　A．prevent any communication with them

　　B．show no respect and politeness to them

　　C．persuade them to recognize the bad effects

　　D．quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes

　　答案　A

　　解析　推理判断题。从第三段的倒数第二句话可以看出作者的态度。

　　5．In this passage，the writer mainly ________.

　　A．describes two types of people

　　B．laughs at the unhappy people

　　C．suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappiness

　　D．tells people how to be happy in life

　　答案　C

　　解析　主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是那些感觉不幸福的人处处冒犯别人，若长此以往，则只能处于被孤立的境地，所以他们应改变自己的习惯。

　　B

　　A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes，as a rule，to have it retold in almost the same words，but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts.It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book，and，if a parent can produce what，in the actual situation of the time and the child，is an improvement on the printed text，so much the better.

　　A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking.To prove the latter，one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not.As to fears，there are，I think，some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story.Often，however，this arises from the child having heard the story once.Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.

　　There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true，that giants，witches，two-headed dragons，magic carpets，etc.do not exist; and that，instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales，the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history.I find such people，I must say so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them.If their cases were sound，the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girlfriend.

　　No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.

　　6．The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ________.

　　A．repeated without any change

　　B．treated as a joke

　　C．made some changes by the parent

　　D．set in the present

　　答案　C

　　解析　细节理解题。根据“It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book，and，if a parent can produce what，in the actual situation of the time and the child，is an improvement on the printed text，so much the better.”可推知此题答案为C项。

　　7．According to the passage，great fear can take place in a child when the story is ________.

　　A．in a realistic setting

　　B．heard for the first time

　　C．repeated too often

　　D．told in a different way

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据“this arises(出现) from the child having heard the story once”可推知此题答案为B项。

　　8．The advantage claimed(提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it ________.

　　A．makes them less fearful

　　B．develops their power of memory

　　C．makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of

　　D．encourages them not to have strange beliefs

　　答案　A

　　解析　细节理解题。根据“Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.”可以得出答案。

　　9．The author’s mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ________.

　　A．fairy stories are still being made up

　　B．there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales

　　C．people try to modernize old fairy stories

　　D．there is more concern for children’s fears nowadays

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判断题。有些人认为神话不现实，都是教孩子一些不存在的东西，会对孩子有不好的影响。作者用虚拟语气作了一个假设，如果这些观点站得住脚的话，可能会出现这样的情况：the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.可见持这种观点的人实际上是对神话的一种误解。

　　10．One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that ________.

　　A．they are full of imagination

　　B．they just make up the stories which are far from the truth

　　C．they are not interesting

　　D．they make teachers of history difficult to teach

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判断题。根据“...not objectively true...do not exist”可知有些人不赞成神话故事的原因是这些故事是编出来的，远离现实。故选B项。

　　Ⅱ.微写作

　　写作素材

　　1．在教师节的那一天，我们举办了一个晚会。

　　2．会上班长向班主任敬献了准备好了的鲜花。

　　3．我们知道，对于老师的辛勤工作与指导，再怎么感谢她也不为过。

　　(素材来源于2024·陕西·书面表达)

　　提示：尽量使用高级表达：非限制性定语从句；过去分词作定语；宾语从句等。

　　连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

　　On Teachers’ Day，we held a party，where our monitor presented our head-teacher with the prepared flowers.We all know we can’t thank her enough for all her hard work and guidance.

　　1．equal adj.平等的　equality n．平等　be equal to sb.in...在……方面和某人平等　have no equal无敌

　　2．service n．服务　serve v．服务；服役　be of service to sb.对某人有用　do sb.a service帮某人一个忙　be at one’s service任某人随意使用　It serves sb.right活该

　　3．fix attention on集中注意力于　fix one’s eyes on注视着　focus on集中

　　4．aim at doing...针对……　with the aim of目的是……　take aim瞄准　be aimed at旨在……

　　5．The habit may be strong，but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes.

　　该句是由but连接的并列句，在后半句中包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句，在该从句中又出现一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰those。

　　学会一种单词记忆法

　　17．歌曲记忆：通过唱英语歌曲记忆单词，“听霸”“听力超人”等软件中有许多英文歌曲，并配有歌词和译文。

　　18．复习记忆：单词记住了，很快会忘掉，每隔一段时间要进行复习，巩固所学单词。

　　如何做细节理解题？

　　细节性问题有两种基本形式：完全式和不完全式。例如：

　　(1)What were things like in the 1980s when accidents happened？(完全式)

　　(2) The Sun’s light travels slowly when ________.(不完全式)

　　本节中的10个题全部是不完全式。

　　做细节性问题时需要注意以下几个方面：

　　1．每篇文章不论长短都有其中心思想，用以支持和发展中心思想的具体信息就是命题时的重要依据。答题时，学生要围绕中心思想，特别留意阅读材料中的有关数字、时间、专有名词、原因和特点等的具体信息。

　　2．题干中的标识语是从阅读材料中快速寻找答题依据的“路标”。最常见的就是用引号所标识的关键词或标明的标识语所在的具体行数。例如：The author’s attitude toward “most economists in the United States” can best be described as ________.。另外，题干中的地名、人名、数字、日期、专有名词等也是寻找正确答案的路标。像第8题题干中的repeating fairy stories to young children，第9题题干中的sticks and telephones 就是标识语，它有助于我们快速地找到该题在文章中所出现的具体位置，缩短答题时间。做这种题型往往需要运用检索阅读方法(scanning)，即要注意题干中的标识语，带着问题有的放矢地在阅读材料中寻找某一个特定信息(日期、数字、专有名词等)的具体位置。学生不必逐行阅读，也不必考虑文章的结构布局。Scanning的具体步骤为：(1)要时刻记住所要寻找的特定信息；(2)应该快速沿纸页或栏目自上而下扫视，时刻期待着相关信息的出现；(3)必要时可适当停留，辨别是否找到了特定的信息。