2024届高考英语临考冲刺高分之路： 非谓语动词
典型例题
近年来，高考试题中主要考查了v-ing 形式作原因状语、伴随状语、结果状语的情况。高考试题中也曾出现过对于补足语的考查，考题设计巧妙、灵活、综合性强。这要求考生正确理解题意，从语法结构、习惯用法及具体语境等多方面进行分析。不能孤立地看某一语法知识，而要弄懂整个句子，并通过所给的信息进行分析、推理，从而作出正确的判断。
1．考查非谓语动词的试题常常考查一些常用动词以及特殊动词对其后非谓语动词的形式(不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式)的不同要求。有时也涉及到非谓语动词的完成式和否定式。在做非谓语试题时可以分三个步骤：(1)分析句子成分；(2)搞清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系；(3)确定行为时间及先后顺序等。
2．高考对非谓语动词的测试方向：(1)不定式的完成式、被动式和进行式；(2)不定式的省略；(3)测试只能接动名词的动词和接动名词、不定式有区别的动词的用法；(4)现在分词作宾补、作定语、作状语的用法；(5)测试非谓语动词的否定式。
应试同分瓶颈
1．非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点，切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：
(1)具有句子结构的知识，要分得清简单句与复合句，陈述句与祈使句。
(2)具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。
(3)具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词，双宾动词和复宾动词。一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应当烂熟于胸。
(4)具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析s。词左右长度的复合长、难句。
2．解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。一般要遵循以下解题思路：
(1)解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；(2)找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；(3)搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；(4)将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺，或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。
◎命题点1
动词不定式
◎命题点2
动名词
◎命题点3
分词
命题点1
动词不定式
本类考题解答锦囊
不定式短语在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些词之前有行为动词do的名词形：式，那么，这些分词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。例如：①She could do no thing but cry．②what do you like to do besides swim?
③I have no choice but to go．
不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以；下几点：①不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。例如：
Have you got a key to unlock the door?
(A key unlocks the door．)②不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。例如：
a．I have got a 1etter to write．(I write a 1etter．)
b. He needS a room to 1ive in．(He lives in a room．)
c．I know what to do．(I do what．)但这句如改为下列形式，不定式就得用被动形式：I know what is to be done．这是因为what is to be done是宾语从句，从句中的主语what是动词do的动作对象。
③不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形：式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for one或for people。例如：
a．He is hard to talk to．(to talk to him．)
b．The book is difficult to understand．(to understand the book．)
但如果强调句中的受动者时，亦可用不定式被动式。
例如：
The handwriting is very difficult to be read．
命题点2
动名词本类考题解答锦囊
对于动名词，我们要求掌握以下几点：
①admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel，like，nnish，forgiVe，give up，imagine，include，keep，mentioh，mind，miss，practlse，put off，resist，risk， suggest，can'thelp，can’ststand碍于(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。
②forget，goon，like，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。例如：
a．I remember doing the exerciSe．
我记得做过练习。
b．I must remember to do it.
我必须记着去做这事。
c.I tried not to go there．
我设法不去那里。
d．I tried doing it again．
我试着又干了一次。
e．StOp speaking．
不要讲话。
f．He stopped to talk．
他停下来讲话。
g．I mean to come early today．
我打算今天旱些来。
h．MiSsing the train means waiting for another hour．
误了这趟火车意昧着再等一个小时。
③在a110w，adVise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。例如：
a. We don’t a11ow smoking here．
b．We don’t allow students to smoke.
④动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词或不定式的被动式。这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。例如：
The window needs(requires，wants)cleaning(to be cleaned)．
命题点3
分
词
本类考题解答锦囊
分词分为现在分词和过去分词。它们的用法是截然不同的。考生应注意以下内容：
表示人的心理感受的动词，在高中英语课本中出现得最多，如please，delight，satisfy，inspire，encourage，excote，interest，move，touch，frighten，surpriSe，astoniSh，puzzle，disappoint，山scourage，trouble，worry，tire等词，一般说来，斗ng形式具有使动意义，表示“使人感到／觉得……”，而-ed形式表示某人“因……觉得……”，如：The frightened girl sat in the corner，crying．这类分词实际上已当形容词使用了。例如：
We are interested in these interesting books．
分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果与句子主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，且要用独立主格结构形式来表达。
“have+宾语+现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事；“have+宾语+过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关。
Ⅰ高考最新热门题
1.(典型例题海卷)It shames me to say it，but l told a lie when______at the meeting by my boss．
A.questioning
B. having questioned
C.questioned
D. to bequestioned
命题目的与解题技巧：该题考查非谓语动词。
【解 析】
根据非谓语动词的动作与句子主语的关系，可排除选项A、B；根据句子谓语动词与非谓动词所表示的动作先后关系，答案选C，表被动及完成。
【答 案】
C
2.(典型例题海卷)Alice returned from the manager's office,______ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
A. having told
B. tells
C. to tell
D. telling
答案：D
指导：根据句子结构排除选项B，根据句子谓语动词所表示的动作与非谓语动词所表示的动作的时间顺序，答案选D.
3.(典型例题) Laws that punish parents for their little
children's actions against the laws get parents______.
A. worried
B. to worry
C. worrying D. worry
答案：A
指导：get接宾语补足语表宾语的动作、状态、身份等。宾语与补足语是被动的主谓关系，而过去分词正好表被动意义，故答案选九getsh worried意思是：让某人担忧。
4.(典型例题______the programme, they have to stay
there for another two weeks.
A. Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Having not completed
答案：C
指导：根据非谓语动词的否定形式的构成，排除选项D；根据非谓语动词与句子主语的关系，排除B；根据句子的意思，没有完成计划的动作应发生在havetostay动作之前，故答案选C
5.(典型例题 The news reporters burried to the airport,only______the film stars had left.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
答案：B
指导：根据句子的意思，记者们赶到机场时发现意外的结果，因此，排除C、D根据与句子的关系，不是记者告诉他人，而是人家告诉记者，故答案选B.
Ⅱ 题点经典类型题
1. (典型例题)______by the beauty of nature, the girl fronm
London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A. Attracting
B. Attracted
C. To be attracted
D. Having attracted
命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查非谓语动词。
2.(典型例题______with such great difficulty,Jack felt at a loss ______.
A.Facing;what to say
B. Faced;what to say
C. Having faced;how to tell
D. Being faced;how to speak
答案：
3.(典型例题_____ ,we were taken to see the library.
A. We had been shown the classrooms
B. Being shown the classrooms
C. Having been shown the classrooms
D. Having shown the classrooms
答案：
4.(典型例题考)With online course Crazy English has over 20 million students all over China ______the class through Intemet.
A. attend
B. attended
C. attending
D. to be attending
答案：
5.(典型例题考) Tom looked at Jenny, tears______ his eyes,and shouted out the words______in his heart for
years.
A. filling;having been hidden B. filled;hidden
C. filling;hidden
D. filled; hiding
答案：
Ⅰ高考最新热门题
1.
Everyone here will thank the fneflghters for the things they
have done to prevent fires______the enviroranent safer.
A. make
B. to making
C. to make
D. from making
答案：
2.
______to give up smoking,he threw away his______ cigarettes.
A. Determined; remained
B. Determined; remaining
C. Determining; remained
D. Determining; remaining
答案：
3. --Is that the laundry? I have some clothes______.
--Leave them in your room, please, and we're going to fetch them soon.
A. to wash
B. to be washed
C. washed
D. washing
答案：
4. --The English exam is not difficult, is it? --______ Even Tom ______to the top students failed in it.
A. Yes; belonged
B. No; belonged
C. Yes; belonging
D. No; beloning
答案：
答案：
6. --Really nice_______you. I'm going to miss you.
--Don't forget to give me a ring,will you?
A. knows
B. to know
C. to have known
D. knew
答案：
探究性命题综合测试
考场热身
1. --Why are they pulling down the houses?
--______a new parking lot.
A. Build
B. To build
C. Building
D. Built
答案：
2. After______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A. being interviewed
B. interviewed
C. interviewing
D. having interviewed
答案：A
指导：aftenbeing interviewed接受过求职面职后，after 在这里是介词。
3.Alan, ______home very late from his job, found an angry wife waiting for him at breakfast.
A. returning
B. returned
C. to return
D. had returned
答案：
答案：D
指导：much和discuss之间的关系为被动，意为“但是仍然有许多事待讨论。
5. He is looking forward to ______ what is happening over there.
A. see
B. seeing
C. seen
D. saw
答案：A
指导：此题易误选B，如选B，意义上(他盼望着看正在那儿发生的事情)明显不正确。正确理解应该是：他往前面看去，想看一看那儿正在发生什么事。
6. When he got off the bus, he found his pocket______.
A. stolen
B. picked
C. gone
D. missing
答案：
7. --Dear Frank, when will our wedding be?
--"Ah, when? God knows!"he said, and______away
from her, walked rapidly away.
A. turning
B. turned
C. turn
D. to turn
答案： on time
8. --Where have you been all day?
--We some beautiful children and we couldn't get away from them until it was dark.
A. met
B. meet
C. have met
D. have been meeting
答案：
9. The manager discussed the plan______ they would like to see______ the next year.
A. that; carried out
B. 不填;it carried out
C. that;carrying out
D. 不填;it carrying out
答案：
10. Her______wealth is in fact a very small sum.
A. supposing
B. supposed
