2024届高考英语基础词汇解读：必修3module6unexplainedmysteriesofthenatureworld

　　Module6

　　Old and New

　　Explanations for new words and phrases

　　1．civil:

　　adj. 民用的，国内的国民间的,公民的平民的民事民法的文明的有教养的

　　civil aviation 民用a civil right 公民权

　　a civil case民事案件civil society 文明社会

　　keep a civil tongue 说文明话

　　2．dam:

　　n. 坝，堤，水闸

　　Three Gorges Dam 三峡大坝

　　3．hydro-electric:

　　adj. 水力发电的

　　hydroelectric (power) station 水电站4．reservoir:

　　n. 水库a storing reservoir 贮水池

　　The big storms in August refilled the reservoirs. 八月的暴雨又使水库积满了水。Enterprise must have a reservoir of cheap labor. 企业应储备廉价的劳动力5．structure:

　　n. 结构构造建筑物

　　soil structure土壤结构

　　the structure of society 社会结构岩石结构The Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous structures in the world.

　　铁塔是世上最著名建筑物之一。

　　vt. 组织; 安排; 构造; 制定She hoped that more activities like this could be structured. 她希望能组织更多这类活动6．terminal:

　　The car has reached its terminal speed and can run faster no longer. 车速已达极限不能跑更快了。He is in the terminal stage of cancer.

　　他正处于癌症晚期n. 终点站，候机厅

　　a terminal station 终点站

　　a terminal examination 大考，学期考试

　　a container terminal 集装箱码头

　　7．date:

　　vi. 始于（某一历史时期）；属于(某时期)导学P-2

　　His decline dates from last summer. 他身体的衰弱是从去年夏天开始的。

　　This church dates back to 1173. 这座教堂早在1173年就建成了。

　　date from / back to属于(…时期)；始于…；追溯到…做谓语时常用一般现在时，且无被动语态。

　　This custom dates back several centuries. 这种习惯已经存在几个世纪了.

　　The castle dates back to the 14th century. 这座城堡从14世纪起就开始有了。

　　This church dates back to1173. 这座教堂始建于1173年。

　　Mr Black is my old friend. Our friendship dates from/back to 1985.

　　布莱克先生是我的老朋友。我们的友谊始于1985年。

　　The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.

　　A. is dated from

　　B. was dated from

　　C. dates from

　　D. dated from

　　Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower _____ from hundreds of years ago.

　　A. dated

　　B. to be dating

　　C. dating

　　D. to be dated

　　1) v. 注明日期加日期于…The letter is dated July 20.

　　那封信的日期是7月20日。

　　) n．日期；年代；时代；约会What’s the date today?

　　out of date过时期的，陈旧的to date 到目前为止up to date最新式的，现代的fix/set a date for选定…的日期have/make a date with 和…约会定go out for a date出去约会break/cut a date 失约 keep a date 守约Have you set a date for the wedding？婚礼的日子定下来了吗？

　　She wears clothes that are right up to date.她穿着最时髦的衣服。8．accommodatevt. 供应，供给；使适应；向…提供；容纳；vi.适应导学P-2

　　accommodate sth. to sth.：适合迎合，迁就accommodate sb. for the night： 留某人过夜

　　v. 1) 使适应 accommodate to sth. accommodate oneself to... 使自己适应于…

　　I need accommodate myself to the new schedule. 需要让自已适应新的作息时间。

　　If you enter a dark room from the outside brightness, your eyes will have to take a while to accommodate to the darkness.

　　如果从外面明亮之处进入一间黑屋，眼睛需要一段时间去适应黑暗。

　　Wherever he goes，he can accommodate himself to new circumstances. 无论走到哪都能适应新环境。

　　2) 容纳 hold/seat/contain后面直接加表示数量的词。如：

　　The hotel can accommodate more than up to 500 guests. 这间旅馆可以容纳500位以上的旅客。

　　This

　　can accommodate over three thousand people. 这大能容纳三千余人。

　　3) 提供食宿，安排住宿; 给…提供方便

　　accommodate sb. with sth.

　　He will accommodate me with the use of his house while he is abroad.他在国外期间将把给我使用。

　　The government accommodates the people who become homeless in the big earthquake.

　　The bank will accommodate you with a loan.

　　9．construction:

　　n. 建造，建设，建筑be under construction 正在建造中

　　There are two new hotels under construction.

　　有两家新饭店正在兴建。

　　He works in construction.

　　他在建筑行业工作。10．relic:

　　n. 历史的遗迹；遗物

　　relics of an ancient city 古城遗迹

　　unearthed cultural relics of the Han Dynasty 出土的汉代文物

　　11．site:

　　n. 场所，遗址a construction site 工地

　　a suitable site for a factory 适于工厂的地点

　　a nuclear test site 核试验场

　　the site of an ancient city 古城遗址

　　12．generate:

　　vt. 发电引起, 导致generate electricity 发电

　　generate excitement 激动

　　generate resentment 导致不满

　　13．harness:

　　vt. 利用，将自然力变成动力

　　harness a river 治河The Yellow River has been harnessed. 黄河已被治理Scientists have known how to harness the limitless power of the sun

　　利用无穷尽的太阳能

　　14．historical:

　　adj. 历史的，有关历史的 导学P

　　a historical event 历史事件historical materialism 历史唯物主义

　　a historical personage 历史人物historic:

　　adj. 历史的historic spot 历史This is a historic occasion. 这是具有重大历史意义的时刻15．narrow:

　　adj. 狭窄的；狭隘的 in a narrow sense 在狭义上narrow majority/victory/defeat 微弱多数/险胜/勉强击败have a narrow escape 死里逃生，险些遇险 move in a narrow circle of friends

　　生活在狭小的朋友圈子中The bridge is too narrow for two cars to pass. 这桥太窄, 并排通不过两辆车。

　　v．(使)变窄narrow down缩小…的范围The river narrows at this point. 河在这里变窄了。The road narrows here. 路在这儿变窄了The doctor narrows his study. 医生缩小了他的研究范围。

　　narrowly adv. 勉强地，差一点儿；狭隘地She narrowly won the first race. 首轮比赛她涉险过关。He narrowly escaped being drowned. 他险些被淹死。

　　16．submerge:

　　vt. 浸入水中，淹没

　　The flood submerged the town. 洪水淹没了市镇。The river overflowed and submerged the farmland. 河水泛滥, 淹没了农田。The submarine can submerge very quickly. 潜艇能非常迅速地潜入水中。

　　17．global:

　　adj. 全球的全世界的整体的总括的全面的globe  n. 地球世界;球体球状物;地球仪

　　The earth is a global mass. 地球是一个球形体

　　The global audience 全世界的听众（或观众）

　　the global sum 总计The crisis here caught the global attention. 这里的危机引起了全世界的注意。

　　18．removevt. 1) 移动，除去，移交；vi. 迁移，搬家导学P

　　remove...from...把…从…移开remove from...to... 从…搬到…remove sb. from one’s position as chairman 撤去某人的主席职务remove the family to the seashore 把家搬到海边remove the troops to the front 把部队调往前线remove one’s doubts/fears 消除某人的疑虑/恐惧emove one’s hat /coat 脱帽脱衣remove the causes of disease 消除疾病的根源Kindly remove the dishes. 请把碗盏端走。What do you advise for removing ink from my clothes? 你认为采用何办法能清除我衣上的墨迹？

　　He removed all the books from the desk before leaving the company. 离开前搬走了桌上所有书。

　　2)

　　vi. 开除,免职be removed from school开除；被勒令退学

　　He was removed from school for playing truant too often. 他因逃学太多被开除了。

　　3）vt. 脱掉；摘掉 = take offI recognized him after he removed his dark glasses. 摘掉墨镜才认出来。

　　remove/move (1) remove强调完全放弃原地方而到达新位置，有时相当于take away/off。表“迁居”时，二者均可。He removed the mud from his shoes.

　　(2) move强调位置和姿态改变。move in迁新居，move out搬出，move away搬走，move on继续移动。Will you help me move this table?

　　We are moving/removing from London to the country.

　　19．freezing adj. 冷冰冰的，极冷的的导学Pthe freezing point 冰点freezing cold极冷above/below freezing零度以上/以下

　　What freezing weather!

　　好冷的天气！

　　It is freezing outside, and put on your winter coat.

　　外面很冷, 穿上你的大衣吧The temperature has dropped to the freezing point.

　　气温已降到了冰点。

　　It must be five degrees below freezing today.今天气温一定达到了零下五度。freeze/ froze/ frozen： v. 结冰冻住；冻结（资金；账户；工资；存款等）

　　freeze (sb.) to death(把某人)冻死

　　be frozen to death被冻死freeze money冻结资金When the temperature is at 0℃, water will freeze.

　　frozen:

　　adj. 冷冻的；冷藏的僵住frozen food/ meat冷冻食物冻肉be frozen to death被冻死

　　Seeing the car accidenthe was frozen with terror. 看到车祸，他吓呆了。

　　Two men were _____ to death on the mountain because it was _____.

　　A. freezing; freezing

　　B. frozen; freezing

　　C. frozen; frozen

　　D. freezing; frozen

　　20．ridiculous:

　　adj. 荒唐的，可笑的

　　a ridiculous idea 荒谬的（或可笑的）想法

　　21．导学Pfoggy:

　　adj. 有浓雾的

　　a foggy morning 多雾的早晨

　　22．crash:

　　vi. （飞机）失事，坠毁

　　The car crashed into a tree.车子哗的一声撞树上。A wall crashed to the ground.墙轰地坍了下来。

　　The door crashed open. 门砰的一声开了。

　　Thunder and lightning crashed. 雷电交加。

　　1)n/v相撞；碰撞a car crash

　　air/plane crash空难

　　A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus. 一货车失控，撞上一公汽尾部。

　　2）n/v. 暴跌；破产

　　the 1987 stock market crash

　　1．date from起源于；追溯

　　也可以说date back to /go back to, 常用现在时。

　　The castle dates back to the 14 century.

　　The prosperity of the family dates from the war.

　　Most of the Great Wall dates from Ming Dynasty(13681644).长城的绝大部分可追溯到明朝。

　　短语: down to date ( = up to date ) 直至今日；out of date过时的；不用的；up to date（up-to-date作定语形容词）新式的；直至目前的。

　　2．hold back = keep back阻止阻挡抑制控制(情绪、情感等)隐瞒；犹豫踌躇hold sb. back from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事His poor education is holding him back.教育阻碍发展She could not hold back her tears when she heard the news.

　　听到这消息，她忍不住掉下了眼泪。The boss was unable to hold back his anger any more. 老板再也抑制不住怒火了。

　　You are holding something back from me.

　　你有事瞒着我。When dangers come, no one hold back.

　　危险来临，无人退缩。

　　hold on(打电话时用语)请等一下，不要挂catch/get/grab/seize/take hold of 抓住，握hold to 坚持；遵循hold on to 抓住…；持hold one’s breath

　　屏住呼吸hold out伸出拿提出提供支持hold one's head high 趾高气扬

　　hold down 压；

　　hold up举起；支持；3．come true（希望；梦想等）成为现实实现；达到

　　His dream has come true.他的梦想实现了。 His dream came true that he wanted to be a teacher.

　　Now his dreams come true.

　　We will realize our dreams. 他当老师的梦想变成了现实。

　　【考点】

　　come true由连系动词come + 形容词true构成。类似的表达:

　　1）“存在”类: 表存在或具有某种特征或状态。be(是)，look(看起来)，feel(摸上去)，seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎显得)，prove(证明是)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)等。

　　2）“持续”类: 表某情况或状态的持续。remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持)，continue(继续仍旧)，stand(处于某状况或情形)

　　3）“变化”类: 表由一种情况或状态变成另一种情况或状态。become，turn(变成)，grow，go(变得)等。

　　4．make sense有意义有道理讲得通；可理解主语常是物。 make sense中没有冠词This sentence doesn’t make sense.这句无意义。What he said just now doesn’t make sense at all.

　　These sentences don’t make sense to meI can’t understand them. 我看这些句不通，看不懂它们。

　　It makes sense to take care of your health. 注意身体健康是明智的。

　　make sense of：了解…的意义，…的意思；懂得make no sense 讲不通；无意义

　　in a sense 就某种意义而言；在某种意义上

　　in no sense 绝不是；绝非

　　sense of touch/ hearing/ smell/ taste/sight 触/听/嗅/味/视觉

　　common sense 常识a sense of humor /security/direction/fear 幽默感/安全感/方向感/恐惧感There is no sense in doing sth. 做…没必要/道理There is no sense in punishing him. It’s not his fault.

　　What he said just now makes no sense to me.

　　惩罚他没有道理，不是他的过错。＝I make no sense of what he said just now.没明白他说的。

　　What you say is true in a sense.从某种意义上来讲，你说的是真的。come to one’s senses

　　苏醒清醒过来醒悟过来傻事〔不理智的事〕；

　　We hope she'll come to her senses and correct her mistakes. 希望她能觉悟过来, 改正错误。

　　talk sense说得有道理Talk sense！讲点有意思的话！

　　5．bring an end to…＝ bring...to an end结束终止，停止make an end of sth; put an end to sth.

　　We must put an end to these abuses. 我们必须除去这些弊端。

　　come to an end结束，完结 carry...through to the end把某事进行到底 make ends meet量入为出；使收支相抵 from beginning to end从头到尾

　　end to end头对头地；首尾相连地