2024届高考英语二轮专题热点集训：专题12 情景交际

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　　专题十二

　　情景交际

　　【命题趋势探秘】

　　命题规律考查内容

　　情景交际

　　考查热度 ☆☆

　　考查题型语法填空，单项填空

　　所占分值 1—2分

　　命题

　　趋势

　　交际用语的种类繁多，高考对这一部分的考查主要集中在询问类，道谢、道歉类，购物类，陈述看法类，同时还会涉及英语国家交往的一些常识，以及文化背景知识，甚至谚语。比如，社会交往类话题包含很多内容，其中包括文化背景知识，因此做题时要认真领会说话人的意图，然后作出合乎逻辑的答案。

　　从近年高考英语对交际用语的考查看，主要考查：

　　1.社会交往类话题：对感谢用语的回答；对电话用语的把握；对问候用语的把握；成功/对表扬用语的回答；对祝福用语的回答

　　2.情感态度类话题：对道歉用语的回答；对建议用语的回答；对请求用语的回答；对惊奇用语的回答；态度和情感的表达。

　　【高频考点聚焦】

　　《英语课程标准》中罗列的“功能意念项目表”中一共罗列了11项功能项目，68条情景交际的场合，详细内容如下：

　　1.社会交往：

　　(1)问候；(2)介绍；(3)告别；(4)感谢；(5)道歉；(6)邀请；(7)请求允许；(8)祝愿和祝贺；(9)提供帮助；(10)接受和拒绝；(11)约会；(12)打电话；(13)就餐；(14)就医；(15)购物；(16)问路；(17)谈论天气；(18)语言交际困难；(19)提醒注意；(20)警告和禁止；(21)劝告；(22)建议；

　　2.态度：

　　(23)同意和不同意；(24)喜欢和不喜欢；(25)肯定和不肯定；(26)可能和不可能；(27)能够和不能够；(28)偏爱和优先选择；(29)意愿和打算；(30)希望和愿望；(31)表扬和鼓励；(32)责备和抱怨；(33)冷淡；(34)判断与评价；

　　3.情感：

　　(35)高兴；(36)惊奇；(37)忧虑；(38)安慰；(39)满意；(40)遗憾；(41)同情；(42)恐惧；(43)愤怒；

　　4.时间：(44)时刻；(45)时段；(46)频度； (47)时序；

　　5.空间：(48)位置；(49)方向；(50)距离；

　　6.存在：(51)存在与不存在；

　　7.特征：(52)形状；(53)颜色；(54)材料；(55)价格；(56)规格；(57)年龄；

　　8.计量：(58)长度；(59)宽度；(60)高度；(61)数量；

　　9.比较：(62)同级比较；(63)差别比较；(64)相似和差别；

　　10.逻辑关系：(65)原因和结果；(66)目的；

　　11.职业：(67)工作；(68)单位。

　　◇考点

　　情景交际

　　【基础知识梳理】

　　常见交际场合

　　情景用语即英语的日常交际用语。它的主要特点是体现语言的简洁，实用，体现西方人文，社会，文化，历史，政治，宗教信仰，价值取向等方面的和谐与共鸣。

　　1.询问

　　1)见面问候：Good morning/afternoon/evening.

　　Hello/Hi.

　　2)代向某人问候：Best wishes/regards to...=give one's regards to sb = give one's best wishes to sb = give one's best love to sb = give one's best regards to sb.

　　3)替某人向……问好: say“Hi”/“Hello”to sb from sb = give one's regards to sb.

　　Please remember me to....

　　回答用语:—I will. Thanks.

　　4)初次见面通常用语

　　—How do you do?

　　比较熟悉的人之间用语

　　—How are you?

　　—Fine, thank you, and you?/Very well, thank you.

　　—How are you getting along with...? (你近来……可好?)

　　—Everything is fine!

　　—How are you doing?

　　(您工作还顺利吧?)

　　—I'm just great!

　　—How is everything?

　　(一切还好吧?)

　　—Very(quite)well， thank you!

　　2.道谢、道歉

　　1)Thank you (very much)./ Thanks (a lot)./ Many thanks. /Thanks for.... It's very kind of you to….

　　2)⑵Not at all.

　　/ That's all right. / You're welcome.

　　/That's OK．

　　/ It's a pleasure/

　　(It's) My pleasure.

　　Don't mention it.

　　I'm glad you like it.

　　It's really nothing at all.

　　3) (I'm)Sorry./ I'm sorry for/about…/ I'm sorry to do sth. / I'm sorry to have done sth…

　　4) Excuse/ Pardon me ( for… )

　　5)Please forgive me for... (请原谅……)

　　6)sb. be afraid that…

　　7)What a pity/shame! / It's a pity that…

　　8)It is not important.

　　That's OK.

　　That's all right.

　　It's quite all right.

　　Never mind.

　　It doesn't matter (at all).

　　Not at all.

　　It's nothing. /That's nothing. (没关系)

　　Please don't worry.

　　It's nothing to worry about.

　　Not to worry.

　　Don't mention it.

　　It doesn't really matter.

　　Please think nothing of it.

　　Let's forget it. / No harm done.

　　9)That's not your fault.

　　It's not your fault.

　　It was me to blame.

　　(这是我的错)

　　It was all my fault to have done...

　　(这都是我的错…)

　　That's okay. Don't let it bother you.

　　(没事，别想的太多了)

　　We really didn't mean that at all.

　　(我们真的没有那样的意思)

　　3.购物

　　What would you like... 一般用于服务员询问客人想吃点什么，主人询问客人想吃点什么，或在商店购物时，售货员询问顾客想要买什么。

　　What would you like to do? 表示询问对方想要做什么。

　　4.陈述看法

　　1)Expressing anxiety

　　(焦虑)

　　(1)What's wrong? / What's the matter ( with you )? / Is there anything the matter?

　　(2)Oh, what shall I / we do?

　　(3) Oh, what shall I/we do?

　　We were all anxious about...

　　2)Expressing surprise

　　(惊奇)

　　(1)Really? / / Is that so? (是真的吗?)

　　Oh dear?/ My God!

　　(哦, 我的天！)

　　(2)Good heavens! My Goodness! / Goodness! / Thank Goodness! (“庆幸”自己没遭遇不幸)

　　(3)I can hardly believe my ears.

　　3)Agree or disagree

　　(1)Agreement: Certainly/Sure/Of course.

　　No problem. Yes, please. Yes, I think so. That’s true.

　　All right/OK. Good! / Excellent! / That's fine! What a good idea!

　　That’s a good idea....

　　It’s a good idea that....

　　I/We agree (with you).

　　That's the right thing to do!

　　(2)Disagreement: No, I don’t think so.

　　I’m afraid not.

　　I’m afraid I (really) can’t agree with you.

　　It's not very nice.

　　I don't think that is a good idea.

　　Do you think that is a good idea?

　　Personally, I feel that it's unwise./What a terrible idea./What a terrible thing to do!

　　No way! Exactly (说得对，正是)

　　【核心考点讲练】

　　1．电话常用语

　　1)打电话人自我介绍：首先问候(Hello)，然后便自报姓名，再告知想与谁通话。Hello! (it’s) Mike (here).

　　/ Hello! This is Mike (speaking).

　　2)打电话人要某人接电话：需要证实对方的身份时，不能说Are you...?或Who are you?

　　May/ Can/ Could I speak to Kate, please? /Is that Kate?

　　/Is Kate in/ at home? /Who's that?

　　3)本人接电话： Hello, 8244011. /Good morning. This is Kate (speaking). /Yes, speaking.

　　a接电话时，第一句招呼语可以是Hello, 也可以视情况说Good morning!紧接着再报自己的电话号码或姓名,也可报单位名称。不打招呼，直接介绍自己，再问对方是谁也可以。

　　b问对方是谁时可以这样说：Who's calling?/Who is that speaking? /Is that Mike speaking/calling?

　　4)接电话人叫某人接电话时：先对打电话的人说: Hold on please. / Just a minute please.

　　然后叫人接电话: You are wanted on the phone./

　　There's a call for you./For you.

　　基本用语

　　(1)Can/ Could/ Would you ring up/ call/ call up…?

　　(2)The line's busy. I can't get through. I'll try again later.

　　(3)Can I take a message (for you)?

　　Will/ Would you give a message to…, please?

　　(4)Can you ask … to ring me back, please?

　　I'll ask … to call you back.

　　(5)He/She isn't here right now.

　　2.谈论天气

　　1)基本用语

　　a.What’s the weather like today?

　　How’s the weather in.../ today?

　　—It’s rather warm/cold/hot...today, isn’t it?

　　—Yes, it is./ Yes, isn’t it? (注意答语)

　　b.It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy....

　　It’s getting cold/warm.... It’s a beautiful day today.

　　2)交际示范

　　1)—It's a fine day for a walk.

　　—Yes, the air is nice and clean.

　　2)—Oh dear! It's very cold today.

　　—Yes, you need to wear warmer clothes.

　　3)—What's the weather like today?

　　—It's fine.

　　4)—What's the weather like in your country now? —It's very hot.

　　5)— Lovely weather, isn't it?

　　— Yes, isn't it?

　　6)— I missed the weather report this morning. Did you hear it?

　　— Yes. It said partly cloudy today, with a strong wind from The northwest.

　　3.健康和看病

　　1)基本礼节：西方人听到自己的亲人、朋友或熟人等谈到有关身体健康的问题时，如：“I think I have a bad cold.” 如果听话人与说话人是朋友或同事，通常回答: “I'm sorry to hear that.”或“You'd better see a doctor.”

　　但如果是说给医生，医生则不能用上述答话，而需用“Take it easy.”来回答。

　　2)基本用语

　　医生用语：

　　(1) What can I do for you? / What was the matter? / What's the trouble?

　　(2)Does it hurt here? / It's nothing serious. / Let me examine you. / Take this medicine three times a day. / And I advise you not to do …

　　(3)Drink plenty of water and have a good rest. / You'd better have a good rest.

　　(4)Show me your tongue. / Stick out your tongue. / Did you cough much? / Fortunately, you only have the flu (流感) . / You'll have to be hospitalized (住院) .

　　(5)How long have you been like this? / Well, let's see. Open your mouth and say “ah”.

　　Keep warm and don't catch cold. / You'll be well soon.

　　病人用语：

　　(1)I've got a pain (cough, headache, toothache). / I don't feel well. / There's something wrong with…. / This place hurts. / I feel a great pain here. / I feel dizzy (头晕). / I don't feel like eating anything. / I have a sore throat (喉咙痛) and my chest hurts. / It started bothering me yesterday afternoon. / I feel hot and feverish. / I'm aching all over. / I've been losing sleep. / My whole body feels weak. / I've lost my voice. / My ears are ringing, and my cheeks burning. / I feel a pain in my left leg.

　　(2)I took some medicine last night, but they didn't help. / Doctor, please give me an examination. / I've had my temperature taken. I indeed have a fever.

　　【典例1】（2024·山东）—This apple pie is too sweet, don’t you think so?

　　—_____. I think it’s just right, actually.

　　A. Not really

　　B. I hope so

　　C. Sounds good

　　D .No wonder

　　解析：句意：——这份苹果派太甜了。你不这样认为吗？——_____ 实际上我认为正合适啊。” Not really“不是真的；并非如此。”；I hope so“我希望如此。”；Sound good“听起来很好。”；No wonder“难怪；不足为奇。”。根据问句中和答语中的关键词too sweet（太甜）与just right（正合适）形成鲜明的对比以及答语中的actually（实际上）可知，答语者是不同意问句者的观点的，因此选A。

　　答案：A

　　【典例2】（2024·江苏）—________ ! Somebody has left the lab door open.

　　—Don’t look at me.

　　A. Dear me

　　B. Hi, there

　　C. Thank goodness D. Come on

　　解析：句意：——_______！有人没关实验室的门。——别看着我。dear me“天哪”，表示惊讶；Hi, there用于打招呼；Thank goodness 谢天谢地；come on加油；快点；得了吧。既然实验室门没关，自然是令人惊讶的，故选择A。

　　答案：A

　　【技巧点拨】

　　交际用语中的中西文化差异

　　1．问候

　　1)在日常交谈中，英国人彼此见面常常喜欢以“Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi.”打招呼；并且喜欢以谈论天气(Nice day, isn’t it?) 作为交谈的开始；美国人见面常常问身体等；而中国人却常问“吃过饭了吗?”