2024届高考英语一轮复习课件：必修1 Unit 1《Friendship》（新人教版福建专用）
1
什么叫主谓一致 写出括号中动词的适当形式 1. Attitude __________(decide) everything. 态度决定一切。 2. Opinions about whether to go into details about the issue______(vary) from person to person.
关于是否深入调查问题的细节这个问题，观点因人而异。 decides vary
1
句子中谓语动词和主语在人称和数上的统一性叫主谓一致。 2
能否将主谓一致理解为“主语是复数形式 则谓语用复数，主语是单数形式则谓语用单数”？ 翻译下列句子，标出句中的主语和谓语动词 1. 书籍是人类的好朋友。 2. 一个流浪汉躺在公园的长凳上，双手抖个不停。 3. 许多抽烟者把医生的忠告当耳边风。 4. 当时1000英镑是一大笔钱。 5. 羊主要吃草。 2
能否将主谓一致理解为“主语是复数形式 则谓语用复数，主语是单数形式则谓语用单数”？ 翻译下列句子，标出句中的主语和谓语动词
1. Book are good friends to man.
2. A homeless man was lying on the bench in the park,
with both his hands trembling. 主 谓 主 谓 答案 2
能否将主谓一致理解为“主语是复数形式 则谓语用复数，主语是单数形式则谓语用单数”？ 翻译下列句子，标出句中的主语和谓语动词
3. Many a smoker turns a deaf ear to the doctor's advice.
4. One thousand pounds was quite a big sum of money
at that time. 主 谓 主 谓 答案 2
能否将主谓一致理解为“主语是复数形式 则谓语用复数，主语是单数形式则谓语用单数”？ 翻译下列句子，标出句中的主语和谓语动词 5. Sheep feed on grass. 主 谓 答案
主语是复数形式，谓语不一定用复数(如例句4)；主语是单数形式谓语也不一定用单数(如例句5)。
2
观察每组句子中谓语动词单复数形式与主语的关系，尝试找出其中的规律 1. (1) Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚。
(2) Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意时。 2. (1) The wounded need medicine and food.
伤员们需要药品和食物。
(2) The wounded is his cousin.
那个伤员是他的表弟。 3 主谓一致有什么原则？
观察每组句子中谓语动词单复数形式与主语的关系，尝试找出其中的规律
3. (1) Not
only
Beijing
but
also
other
cities
in
China
have taken on a new look.
不仅北京而且中国其他城市的面貌也焕然一新。
(2) Not human resources but the system counts.
不是人力资源而是制度起决定作用。 3 主谓一致有什么原则？
观察每组句子中谓语动词单复数形式与主语的关系，尝试找出其中的规律
4. (1) English
as
well
as
other
languages
has
its
own
rules.
同其他语言一样，英语也有其自身特点。
(2) There
is
only one teacher and twentysix students
in this remote school.
这所偏远的学校有一个老师和26个学生。 3 主谓一致有什么原则？
3
主谓一致原则有：
1. 语法一致原则。即主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式(如例句1)。
2. 意义一致原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语表达的实际意义决定。同样形式的主语含义不同时，谓语单复数形式有变化(如例句2)。
3
主谓一致原则有：
3. 就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词确定(如例句3)。
4. 承前原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词确定(如例句4) 4 谓语动词单复数形式怎样确定？ 完成下列句子，注意谓语动词的形式 1. The problem ________ (need) further discussion and we'll discuss it next Wednesday. 2. All the employees in this joint venture ____________ (pay) by the job. 3. Since all _____ (be) ready and all of us _______ (be) here, let's begin our meeting. needs are /were paid is are 4 谓语动词单复数形式怎样确定？ 完成下列句子，注意谓语动词的形式 4. The doctor and teacher ________ (speak) good English thanks to having lived abroad for years. 5. Growing vegetables _____ (need) constant watering. 6. To be a pilot _______ (be) his dream. 7. When he will be set free from the prison ________ (remain) a big problem. speaks needs
is/was remains 4 谓语动词单复数形式怎样确定？ 完成下列句子，注意谓语动词的形式 8. Neither the hostess nor her children______ (like) hot food, so please don‘t add pepper. 9. Look! The mother cat with all her babies__________ (run) after a mouse. 10. Each book and each dictionary here_____________ (publish) by BNUP last year. like are running was published 4 谓语动词单复数形式怎样确定？ 完成下列句子，注意谓语动词的形式 11. Many a visitor ________ (have) such an experience so far. 12. More than one person___________ (charge) with theft the other day. 13. One and a half buildings __________ (burn) in the big fire last night. has had was charged
was burnt 4 谓语动词单复数形式怎样确定？ 完成下列句子，注意谓语动词的形式 14. His family ____ (be) very large. 15. Gone ____ (be) the days when teachers were looked down upon. 16. There __________ (be) no reply from the company in charge up to now. is are has been
4
1．谓语动词的单复数形式一般是根据主谓一致的原则来确定：
①主谓一致遵守的“就近原则”句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词确定。此类句式有：Neither A nor B…/Either A or B… / Whether A or B… /Not only A but also B … /A or B… /Not A but B …/There be A and B。谓语动词的单复数形式由靠近谓语动词的名词B确定。
4
②主谓一致遵守的“承前原则”句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词确定。此类句式有：A with B…/A along with B…/A together with B…/ A as well as B…/A including B…/A except/(but) B…谓语动词的单复数形式由远离谓语动词的名词A确定。
4
③all, some, the rest of…分数/百分数等作主语，谓语动词的单复数根据实际意义确定。all指物， 表示“一切”时，谓语用单数，指人时谓语用复数。
④集合名词作主语强调整体，谓语用单数。强调成员，谓语用复数。如： My family were watching TV when the electricity was cut off。
⑤There be 的主语在后面，谓语的单复数与主语一致。
4
2．确定谓语动词的单复数形式还有以下几种情况：
①不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数形式。
②and连接的两个名词表达同一概念，谓语用单数形式。这类名词如 knife and fork(刀叉)；bread and butter(黄油面包), horse and cart(马车)等。
③动名词短语作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。
④不定式短语作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。
4
⑤从句作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。
⑥当every A and every B/each A and each B/ no A and no B/ many a A and many a B作主语时，谓语用单数。
⑦Many a ＋单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
⑧More than one ＋单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
⑨One and a half ＋复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。
⑩表语前置，主语在后，谓语单复数与主语一致。 * * * ⑩ get along with
用get的相关短语填空 (1)Don't ________ the bus until it has stopped. (2)The story has ______， and everyone knows about it. (3)When I ______ with the report, I'll go to the cinema. (4)After a delicious meal the two men ______
business.
(5)Don't always _____ a word when others are speaking. 答案
(1)get off
(2)got around/about (3)get through
(4)got down to
(5)get in ⑩ get along with
用get的相关短语填空 (6)It took me a long time to _______ such an unpleasant experience. (7)Did your speech __________ the crowd? (8)How's your son __________ his English? (9)Have you __________ the book you lent him? (10)Farmers are busy ________ crops in the fields now. 答案
(6)get over
(7)get across to (8)get along with
(9)got back
(10) getting in ⑪ exactly adv.
根据语境猜词义 (1)You must tell us exactly what you would like to do.
(2)Well, what did she say exactly? (3)It happened exactly as you described it.
(4)— We need a drink.
— Exactly! Let's have one. (5)We are not exactly driving fast. ⑪ exactly adv.
根据语义找匹配 A．确切地；准确地 B．正是，不错，(用于答语)表示完全同意 C．到底；完全 D．正是；就是(意思接近just) E．not exactly 并不真的；不完全如此 答案
(1)A (2)C (3)D (4)B (5)E ⑪ exactly adv. 链接 exact adj.
确切的；精确的 ⑪ exactly adv.
单项填空 (1) — People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.
— ______. The roads are too crowded as it is.
A. Exactly
B. All right
C. Go ahead
D. Fine 解析
句意：——人们应该不使用轿车开始乘坐公交车。——确实如此。 all right 好的； go ahead 请吧。 A ⑪ exactly adv.
单项填空 (2) — Does your brother like playing football?
— ________. He seldom watches football match.
A. Not exactly
B. Not really
C. Not sure
D. Not again 解析
not really 不是，不全是。 B
⑫ While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. (P1)
遛狗时，你太粗心，狗扣松了而被车撞了。 While walking the dog是一种省略，我们把它称之为“连接词＋非谓语动词”。在表示时间、地点、条件、方式、让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，那么常常把从句中的主语和谓语的be动词省略。根据现代语法理论，其非谓语动词的选择不受连接词的限定，而是根据主语与其关系，即：主动用v.ing形式；被动用v.ed形式；如果非谓语动词后有介词能构成 “be ＋ 过去分词＋介词”句式的，就用v.ed形式。 链接
名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句结合非谓语动词的省略形式： 名词性从句的省略形式：连接代、副词＋不定式。 定语从句的省略形式：介词＋关系代词＋不定式。 状语从句的省略形式：从属连词＋分词(主要是过去 分词)。
I don't know what I can do next. ＝ I don't know what to do next.
The farmer built a small wooden case in which he could store grains. ＝ The farmer built a small wooden case in which to store grains.
I broke my leg while I was playing football with my classmates yesterday afternoon. ＝ I broke my leg while playing football with my classmates yesterday afternoon.
单项填空 (1) I won't go to the party unless______.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. to invite
D. invite 解析
考查“连接词＋ 非谓语动词”的用法。invite与主语I是被动关系，用过去分词，所以答案是A。 A (2) Every evening after dinner, if not _____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
A. being tired
B. tiring
C. tired
D. to be tired C 解析
考查“连接词＋ 非谓语动词”的用法。因非谓语动词后有介词能构成 “be ＋tired＋from”句式，用过去分词，所以答案是C。
单项填空
单项填空 (3)Frank's dream was to have his own shop ______ the workings of his own hands.
A. that to produce
B. in which to produce
C. by which to produce
D. how to produce B ⑬ …one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. (P2)
在某个温馨之夜，为了能一个人好好地看看月亮，我故意不睡直到11：30。
in order to 所表达的是目的状语，表示“为了……”之意。其否定式是in order not to do sth.，既可放在句首，又可放在句中。
In order to catch up with his classmates as soon as possible, he works even harder.
为了能尽快赶上同学，他学习更加刻苦了。
He set out early in the morning in order not to miss the early bus.
为了不错过早班车，他一大早就动身了。 链接 (1) in order that 与so that 引导的是目的状语从句，在现代英语中，in order that 与so that没有太大的区别，但so that还可以引导结果状语从句。
He spoke at the top of his voice at the meeting in order that/so that everyone present could hear him. (目的状语从句)
他在会上用最大的声音讲着以便所有在场的人都能听到。 链接 (1) in order that 与so that 引导的是目的状语从句，在现代英语中，in order that 与so that没有太大的区别，但so that还可以引导结果状语从句。
He spoke at the top of his voice at the meeting, so that everyone present heard him. (结果状语从句)
他在会上用最大的声音讲着结果所有在场的人都听到了。 根据括号中的汉语提示完成下列句子 (1)We must make the polluted water clean _________ (为了不使河流受到污染)． (2) We work hard_________(为了能通过入学考试)． 答案
(1) in order that it doesn't make the river polluted (2) in order to pass the entrance exam/in order that we can pass the entrance exam 链接 (2)in order that与in order to do sth. 的关系 当主从复合句中的前后主语一致时，我们才可以使用in order to do sth. 句式，如题(2)；否则必须使用主从复合句，如题(1)。 辨析
In order to / To keep up with his classmates, he studies hard.
He studies hard in order not to / so as not to fall behind.
so…as to只表示结果，表示“到某种程度以至于……”，否定形式为so…as not to。so后面接形容词或副词。
运用以上短语完成下面的情景
After a day's hardworking, we went to bed early. We were (3)____ tired (4)______ fall asleep as soon as our heads touch the pillows. (5)_________ finish the construction in time, we made up our minds to work 12 hours a day, which is (6)____ tough a job(7)_____ we felt it hard to hold on. Our boss employed another 2 workers yesterday, (8)________ we could have a better rest. so as to In order to so that so that 答案
in order to do sth.是表示目的的万能句式，它既能放到句首，又能放在句尾，还能构成否定式，所以使用它是最没问题的。
你知道当in order to do sth./ so as to do sth. /to do sth. 结构同时出现在选项中，选哪个最保险吗？在书面表达中，表示目的我们用哪个最不出错误呢？
⑭I didn't go downstairs until the window had to
be shut. (P2)
我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。 (1) until既是介词又是连接词 I'll wait for him until midnight. (介词) I'll wait for him until he comes back. (连接词) (2)主句是否定句的运用(注意句意变化) We discussed it until the manager came.
我们一直讨论到经理来。 We didn't discuss it until the manager came.
直到经理来我们才讨论。 We didn't stop working until the manager came.
直到经理来我们才停止工作。
当until意为“直到……才”时，主句就要用否定句，而不是依据主句的动词是否是延续性动词。当主句是延续性动词时，主句用肯定句，其意思是：主句的动作一直延续到从句动词所发生的动作为止；而使用否定句时，则表示从句的动作发生时，主句的动作才开始发生。
(3)until后的时态问题
由于until引导的是时间状语从句，所以它的一般 将来时用一般现在时代替；过去将来时用一般过去时 代替；将来完成时用现在完成时代替。
