2024年高考英语试题分项版解析Ⅰ专题08 非谓语动词（教师版）
非谓语动词在高考中的考查重点：1.不定式的时态和语态；
2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能；
3.不定式的省略；
4.不定式的否定形式；
5.不定式的搭配形式；
6.独立主格结构；
7.v-ing分词名词性功能；
8.v-ing分词形容词性功能；
9.v-ing分词副词性功能；
10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别；
11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别；
12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别解题的方法：
作补语时，句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。
在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓还是动宾关系。
第三步：分析时态
根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定时间或根据上下文的语境确定时间。
1.(2024课标卷)28.The party will be held in the garden, weather
.
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit
2.(2024卷)32.Film has a much shorter history, especially when_
such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to
B. comparing to C. compare to
D. compared to
3.(2024大纲卷)10.Tony lent me the money, __________that I’ d do as much for him .
A. hoping
B. to hope
C. hoped
D. having hoped
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作伴随状语。句意：Tony借给我这笔钱，希望我加倍还他。
.(2024大纲卷)15.The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _______anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watched
D. to have watched
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词不定式短语作原因状语。句意：那位老大爷每天晚上坐在电视机前，非常开心地观看即将上映的任何节目。“happy ____anything that happened to be on.”作目的状语。
.(2024北京卷)27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use
B. Using
C. Used
D. To use
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。“tin”与“use”存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词。句意：小心使用的话，金属罐儿可以用六周。
.(2024卷)32.Bird's singing is warning to other birds _______ away.
A. to stay
B. staying
C. stayed
D. Stay
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。不定式用作目的状语。句意：鸟叫是为了警告其他的鸟远离他们。
.(2024上海卷)27.As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed
into the sports club.
A. going
B. to go
C. go
D. gone
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.
be allowed to do sth.
allow doing sth.句意：杰克因为把会员卡忘在家里了，所以他没有被允许进运动俱乐部。
.(2024上海卷)33.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble
_ the right things to say.
A. thinking of
B. to think of
C. thought of
D. think of
.
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。have trouble(in)doing的结构。句意：大庭广众之下讲话，皮特总是要搜肠括肚想想该说的事。
.(2024上海卷)36.The club, _
_ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
A. founded
B. founding
C. being founded
D. to be founded
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。founded=which was founded。句意：建于25年前的这家俱乐部正在为新老会员举行晚会。
.(2024上海卷)39."Genius" is a complicated concept, _
_ many different factors.
A. involved
B. involving
,
C. to involve
D. being involved
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。concept与involve是主动关系，用现在分词。现在分词短语作非限制性定语。“天才”是一个复杂的概念，涉及了许多不同的因素。
.(2024重庆卷)23.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked
B. To ask
C. Having asked
D. To be asked
.(2024重庆卷)28.We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will in the future of our company.
A. to be made
B. being made
C. made
D. having been made
.(2024安徽卷)24.I remembered
the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locking
B. to lock
C. having locked
D. to have locked
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。ACD三个选项都表示动作已经完成。只有B选项表示尚未做。句意：我记得离开办公室前要锁门的，但是却忘记了要关灯。remember doing=remember having dong=remember to have done.
16.(2024安徽卷)30.When
for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interestingand rewarding.
A. asking
B. asked
C. having asked
D. to be asked
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词 ask 和主语 Philip 之间是被动关系，而且此动作已经完成， 所以选 B 项 asked。When asked=When he was asked。句意：当被问到对教学这个工作怎么看待时，菲利普说他觉得这项工作又有趣又值得。
.(2024福建卷) 28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______in the South China Sea.
A. attacking
B. having attacked
C. being attacked
D. having been attacked
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据语境，中国最近加强了黄岩岛附近水域的控制以防止中国渔船在中国南海被袭。prevent…from后接动名词且在此须使用被动语态。此处不用完成时。
.(2024湖南卷) 21.We’ ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _____to achieve the final success.
A. being done
B. do
C. to be done
D. to do
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。need做实意动词后接动词作宾语有两种结构: need doing意为 “主语需要被做”可以用 need to be done转换; need to do 主语需要(自己)去做。句意:我们已经有了良好的开端，但是接下来为了取得最后的成功，我们有更多的工作要去做。
2.(2024湖南卷)23.Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use
B. used
C. using
D. use
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词短语作状语相当于一个条件状语从句:if it (time) is used correctly。use和它的逻辑主语即句子的主语time的关系是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词表被动意义。句意：如果使用得当，时间就是存在银行里的钱22.(2024江苏卷)31.
an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based
B. Basing
C. Base
D. To base
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故选B项。句意：你做的重大决定不是建立在理智的基础上而是建立在感情用事的基础上的话，你迟早是要后悔的（如果你感情用事而不是理智地去做重大决定的话，你迟早是要后悔的）。
2.(2024江西卷)33.Having finished her project, she was invited by the school
to the new students.
A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里注意invite的动词用法：invite sb. to do sth.,其被动式sb. be invited to do sth.虽然受到了邀请，但是讲话还没有发生，故用动词不定式一般式表示将来。句意：完成了她的工程后，她受那所学校之邀对新生讲话。
2.(2024辽宁卷)25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog
them.
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿pet dog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following。句意：这对老年夫妇经常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟在后面。
2.(2024辽宁卷)29. This machine is very easy
. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。在 “主语 + be + adj + to do”结构中，动词不定式to do用主动表被动，所以选D。句意：这台机器很容易操作，任何人都能在几分钟之内学会使用。
2.(2024山东卷)35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________. A. providing
B. provided
C. having provided
D. provide
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。 句意：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。
2.(2024陕西卷)15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .
A. Standing
B. To stand
C.
Stood
D. Stand
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作伴随状语。句意: 排着很长的队伍，我们在等着商店开门买一台新款的iPad.。
(2024陕西卷)22.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets
B. meeting
C. meet
D. to meet
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配have no choice but to do “别无选择，不得不做某事”。句意：如果他接受了这个活儿，那他只会面临更大的挑战。
(2024四川卷) 8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind
B. wind
C. winding
D. wound
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。
(2024浙江卷) 3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it 's better ______ silent.
A. remain
B. be remaining
C. having remained
D. to remain
【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：to remain silent. 可归结为句型：it is +形容词/名词+to do/that…。当然it也可以做形式宾语，如find/feel it +to do/that….。句意：不管你是一个多么聪明的说客，但有时候保持沉默更好。
(2024浙江卷) 11.“ It's such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table______ for customers.
A. to be reserved
B. having reserved
C. reserving
D. reserved
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语，意为：桌子被预定给顾客的。
非谓语动词在高考中的考查重点：1.不定式的时态和语态；
2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能；
3.不定式的省略；
4.不定式的否定形式；
5.不定式的搭配形式；
6.独立主格结构；
7.v-ing分词名词性功能；
8.v-ing分词形容词性功能；
9.v-ing分词副词性功能；
10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别；
11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别；
12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别解题的方法：
作补语时，句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。
在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓还是动宾关系。
第三步：分析时态
根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定时间或根据上下文的语境确定时间。
1.(2024课标卷)28.The party will be held in the garden, weather
.
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit
2.(2024卷)32.Film has a much shorter history, especially when_
such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to
B. comparing to C. compare to
D. compared to
3.(2024大纲卷)10.Tony lent me the money, __________that I’ d do as much for him .
A. hoping
B. to hope
C. hoped
D. having hoped
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作伴随状语。句意：Tony借给我这笔钱，希望我加倍还他。
.(2024大纲卷)15.The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _______anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watched
D. to have watched
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词不定式短语作原因状语。句意：那位老大爷每天晚上坐在电视机前，非常开心地观看即将上映的任何节目。“happy ____anything that happened to be on.”作目的状语。
.(2024北京卷)27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use
B. Using
C. Used
D. To use
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。“tin”与“use”存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词。句意：小心使用的话，金属罐儿可以用六周。
.(2024卷)32.Bird's singing is warning to other birds _______ away.
A. to stay
B. staying
C. stayed
D. Stay
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。不定式用作目的状语。句意：鸟叫是为了警告其他的鸟远离他们。
.(2024上海卷)27.As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed
into the sports club.
A. going
B. to go
C. go
D. gone
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.
be allowed to do sth.
allow doing sth.句意：杰克因为把会员卡忘在家里了，所以他没有被允许进运动俱乐部。
.(2024上海卷)33.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble
_ the right things to say.
A. thinking of
B. to think of
C. thought of
D. think of
.
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。have trouble(in)doing的结构。句意：大庭广众之下讲话，皮特总是要搜肠括肚想想该说的事。
.(2024上海卷)36.The club, _
_ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.
A. founded
B. founding
C. being founded
D. to be founded
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。founded=which was founded。句意：建于25年前的这家俱乐部正在为新老会员举行晚会。
.(2024上海卷)39."Genius" is a complicated concept, _
_ many different factors.
A. involved
B. involving
,
C. to involve
D. being involved
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。concept与involve是主动关系，用现在分词。现在分词短语作非限制性定语。“天才”是一个复杂的概念，涉及了许多不同的因素。
.(2024重庆卷)23.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked
B. To ask
C. Having asked
D. To be asked
.(2024重庆卷)28.We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will in the future of our company.
A. to be made
B. being made
C. made
D. having been made
.(2024安徽卷)24.I remembered
the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locking
B. to lock
C. having locked
D. to have locked
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。ACD三个选项都表示动作已经完成。只有B选项表示尚未做。句意：我记得离开办公室前要锁门的，但是却忘记了要关灯。remember doing=remember having dong=remember to have done.
16.(2024安徽卷)30.When
for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interestingand rewarding.
A. asking
B. asked
C. having asked
D. to be asked
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词 ask 和主语 Philip 之间是被动关系，而且此动作已经完成， 所以选 B 项 asked。When asked=When he was asked。句意：当被问到对教学这个工作怎么看待时，菲利普说他觉得这项工作又有趣又值得。
.(2024福建卷) 28. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______in the South China Sea.
A. attacking
B. having attacked
C. being attacked
D. having been attacked
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据语境，中国最近加强了黄岩岛附近水域的控制以防止中国渔船在中国南海被袭。prevent…from后接动名词且在此须使用被动语态。此处不用完成时。
.(2024湖南卷) 21.We’ ve had a good start, but next, more work needs _____to achieve the final success.
A. being done
B. do
C. to be done
D. to do
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。need做实意动词后接动词作宾语有两种结构: need doing意为 “主语需要被做”可以用 need to be done转换; need to do 主语需要(自己)去做。句意:我们已经有了良好的开端，但是接下来为了取得最后的成功，我们有更多的工作要去做。
2.(2024湖南卷)23.Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use
B. used
C. using
D. use
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词短语作状语相当于一个条件状语从句:if it (time) is used correctly。use和它的逻辑主语即句子的主语time的关系是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词表被动意义。句意：如果使用得当，时间就是存在银行里的钱22.(2024江苏卷)31.
an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based
B. Basing
C. Base
D. To base
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故选B项。句意：你做的重大决定不是建立在理智的基础上而是建立在感情用事的基础上的话，你迟早是要后悔的（如果你感情用事而不是理智地去做重大决定的话，你迟早是要后悔的）。
2.(2024江西卷)33.Having finished her project, she was invited by the school
to the new students.
A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里注意invite的动词用法：invite sb. to do sth.,其被动式sb. be invited to do sth.虽然受到了邀请，但是讲话还没有发生，故用动词不定式一般式表示将来。句意：完成了她的工程后，她受那所学校之邀对新生讲话。
2.(2024辽宁卷)25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog
them.
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补，这儿pet dog与follow构成主谓关系，所以用following。句意：这对老年夫妇经常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟在后面。
2.(2024辽宁卷)29. This machine is very easy
. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。在 “主语 + be + adj + to do”结构中，动词不定式to do用主动表被动，所以选D。句意：这台机器很容易操作，任何人都能在几分钟之内学会使用。
2.(2024山东卷)35. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________. A. providing
B. provided
C. having provided
D. provide
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。 句意：完成并签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于which is provided。
2.(2024陕西卷)15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .
A. Standing
B. To stand
C.
Stood
D. Stand
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作伴随状语。句意: 排着很长的队伍，我们在等着商店开门买一台新款的iPad.。
(2024陕西卷)22.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets
B. meeting
C. meet
D. to meet
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配have no choice but to do “别无选择，不得不做某事”。句意：如果他接受了这个活儿，那他只会面临更大的挑战。
(2024四川卷) 8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind
B. wind
C. winding
D. wound
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C。
(2024浙江卷) 3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it 's better ______ silent.
A. remain
B. be remaining
C. having remained
D. to remain
【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：to remain silent. 可归结为句型：it is +形容词/名词+to do/that…。当然it也可以做形式宾语，如find/feel it +to do/that….。句意：不管你是一个多么聪明的说客，但有时候保持沉默更好。
(2024浙江卷) 11.“ It's such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat at the table______ for customers.
A. to be reserved
B. having reserved
C. reserving
D. reserved
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语the table逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语，意为：桌子被预定给顾客的。
