2024届高三英语一轮复习课时作业21：Unit 1《Great scientists》（新人教版必修5）
Ⅰ.多项选择
1．What made you ________ her of having taken the money?
A．inform
B．accuse
C．suspect
D．convince
[解析]句意：是什么让你怀疑是她拿走了钱？suspect sb.of doing sth.怀疑某人做了某事；convince sb.of doing sth.说服某人做了某事。
[答案]C
2．(2024·德州模拟)Reducing the gap between rich and poor is one of the main ________
the government faces.
A．difficulties
B．challenges
C．problems
D．conflicts
[解析]句意：缩小贫富之间的差距是这届政府面临的主要难题之一。challenge 挑战；difficulty 困难；problem 问题；conflict 矛盾，冲突。
[答案]B
3．A great many women were ________ by the advertisement that they could lose weight by wearing the slim dress.
A．taken on
B．taken up
C．taken in
D．taken off
[解析]take in 欺骗。take on 呈现；take up 占用；take off 盛行。
[答案]C
4．(2024·济宁模拟)It is widely believed that smoking______ lung cancer?
A．contributes to
B．turns to
C．objects to
D．points to
[解析]考查动词短语辨析。contribute to 导致；turn to 转向，求助；object to 反对；point to 指向。由题意可知A项正确。
[答案]A
5．I admired my classmate Lisa very much.________ her prettiness, she was smart and helpful.
A．Except for
B．But for
C．Apart from
D．In spite of
[解析]句意：我很钦佩我的同学丽莎，她除了漂亮以外，还机灵、乐于助人。apart from 意为除……之外，还有。except for“除……以外”，指不属于同类；but for 要不是；in spite of 尽管。
[答案]C
6．—He is feeling even worse.
—That is because he ________ to follow the doctor's advice then.
A．rejected
B．refused
C．objected
D．promised
[解析]考查动词意义辨析。句意：“他感觉更糟了。”“那是因为那时他拒绝接受医生的建议。”reject 后面通常不接不定式；object to doing 反对；promise 答应。refuse to do“拒绝做……”，与句意相符，故B项正确。
[答案]B
7．(2024·福建厦门市三校联考)Busy as the man is, he ______ every weekend to staying with his wife and children.
A．picks
B．spends
C．devotes
D．takes
[解析]devote...to doing sth.献身于做某事。
[答案]C
8．The more one is ________ the Englishspeaking environment, the better he or she will learn the language.
A．exposed to
B．filled in
C．caught on
D．kept up
[解析]考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个人越多地接触说英语的环境，就越能学好这门语言。be exposed to 意为“暴露于”。fill in 填充；catch on 理解；keep up 使不倒下。
[答案]A
9．(2024·湖北黄石二中月考)The theory that the earth was round, and not flat, was laughed at when it was first ______.
A．put forward
B．applied for
C．given out
D．built up
[解析]put forward 提出。句意：地球是圆的不是扁平的理论刚被提出时遭到了嘲笑。apply for 申请；give out 用完；build up 增强。
[答案]A
10．I always have so many things to ________ when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.
A．add to
B．contribute to
C．attend to
D．appeal to
[解析]句意：当我每次出国回到公司时，我总有很多事要处理。attend to 处理。add to 增加；contribute to 起作用，导致；appeal to 恳求，请求；吸引……，这三项都不符合句意。
[答案]C
.完形填空
(2011·湖北高考)The young woman entered the pool where an injured dolphin (海豚) was swimming.Despite her fear, she felt strong wearing her new leg.
In her second grade, Maja __1__ her cousin, Jasmina.After Jasmina's death, Maja swore she would honor the little girl by__2__ with a dolphin, an animal that both girls __3__.“Jasmina never got the chance to do it，” says Maja, now 32，“so I __4__ that someday I'd do it for her.”
In high school, Maja was __5__ about sports.She even planned to become an athlete.__6__， in 1993, during the civil war in her home country, a bomb __7__ her left leg.
After two years' __8__ in the U．S., Maja received her first artificial (人造的) leg, but __9__ it didn't fit well，walking for Maja was very painful.__10__， she managed to graduate from a local high school.Then after receiving a __11__from Saint Francis University, she got a job at an insurance，firm and __12__ started her own company.
To relax, Maja __13__often watch the dolphins play at an aquarium (水族馆) near her home.A young dolphin, Winter, who had lost its tail, caught her __14__ .One day, Maja happened to see trainers __15__ Winter with a hightech tail.When they were done, Winter swam freely in the water.Maja was __16__.She managed to find the inventors of Winter's tail.Within ten days, she had a new leg which freed her of the __17__ that had troubled her for almost 16 years.
Now Maja was ready to keep her __18__.She went to the aquarium, lowered herself into the pool and held out a hand to Winter, who approached __19__， then swam away.After a few minutes, the dolphin let Maja __20__ its back.Finally，the two began to swim around the pool together.
1．A.lost
B．visited
C．rescued
D．left
2．A.talking
B．living
C．swimming
D．surfing
3．A.adored
B．adopted
C．possessed
D．purchased
4．A.pretended
B．decided
C．preferred
D．agreed
5．A.positive
B．enthusiastic
C．particular
D．curious
6．A.Undoubtedly
B．Surprisingly
C．Strangely
D．Unfortunately
7．A.took away
B．took over
C．cut down
D．cut out
8．A.study
B．operation
C．treatment
D．experiment
9．A.until B．because
C．although
D．if
10．A.Otherwise
B．Therefore
C．Besides
D．However
11．A.scholarship
B．degree
C．prize
D．notice
12．A.gradually
B．actually
C．eventually
D．naturally
13．A.might
B．should
C．could
D．would
14．A.eye
B．leg
C．nose
D．hand
15．A.decorating
B．guiding
C．marking
D．fitting
16．A.inspired
B．puzzled
C．shocked
D．amused
17．A.worry
B．sadness
C．pain
D．fear
18．A.appointment
B．promise
C．record
D．habit
19．A.blindly
B．angrily
C．gratefully
D．cautiously
20．A.strike
B．cover
C．touch
D．wipe
答案与解析
[语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。Maja 在内战中失去了左腿，但她以顽强的毅力，在治疗的同时完成了中学和大学的学习，并在安装了假腿之后，在水族馆里与海豚一起畅游，终于完成了她少女时对自己逝去的堂妹的承诺：和海豚一起游泳戏水。
1．A下文说“Jasmina 去世之后”，由此判断本空选A表示“失去”：Maja 读二年级的时候她的堂妹 Jasmina 就去世了。
2．C本文最后说，“她们俩开始围绕水池一起游泳”。从文章最后的叙述判断，她此时的心愿是将来和海豚一起游泳戏水，以此来缅怀 Jasmina。因此选C。
3．A海豚是这两个女孩都喜欢的动物。adore 表示“非常喜欢；崇拜，爱慕”。B“收养，采纳”；C“拥有”；D“购买”都不符合句意。
4．B今天的 Maja 已经32岁，此时她说，“于是我决定，将来有一天，我要替她做这件事。”decide 表示“决定，认定”。
5．B下文说她甚至想当运动员，可见这里选B，表示她读中学的时候钟爱体育运动，甚至计划做一名运动员。四个形容词选项与语境的介词搭配的含义：A对……持肯定态度的；B对……很热情；C对……很挑剔；D对……好奇。从语境的连贯判断选B。
6．D语境表示转折含义，因此选D表示“不幸的是”。Maja 钟爱体育运动，可是很不幸，在1993年，在她祖国的内战中，她遭遇不幸。
7．A一颗炸弹使她失去了左腿。take sth.away 表示“带走，剥夺”。B“接管”；C“削减；砍倒”；D“切除，删去”。
8．C从故事的连贯判断选C，既然炸弹使她受伤并失去了左腿，那么后面就应该是负伤的她在美国接受治疗。
9．B这里用 because 引导原因状语从句：由于安装的假腿不合适，她走路的时候非常痛苦。A“直到……时候”；C“尽管”；D“假如”。
10．D从故事的叙述看，这里用 however 表示转折关系：假腿给她带来很多痛苦，但是尽管如此，她还是从当地的中学顺利毕业了。
11．B然后她拿到大学学位，在一家保险公司上班。从语境的连贯判断选B，表示“学位”。
12．C这里用 eventually 表示“最终，最后”：她中学毕业，然后大学毕业，找到工作，最后，开办了自己的公司。A逐渐地，慢慢地；B实际上，确实；D自然而然地。
13．D这里用情态动词 would 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作：为了放松，Maja 经常会到家附近的一家水族馆观看海豚表演。
14．A一头叫 Winter 的海豚失去了尾巴，它吸引了 Maja 的注意力。这里用 catch one's eye 表示“吸引某人的注意力”。
15．D语境说 Winter 失去了尾巴，这里提到“高科技的尾巴”，从语境的连贯判断选D，她看见水族馆的训练员在给 Winter 装假尾巴。用 fit 表示“安装”。
16．A从语境的连贯看，看见海豚 Winter 装上假尾巴之后就能自如地在水中畅游，她联想到自己伤残的左腿，受到启发和鼓舞。inspire“鼓舞，给……以灵感”符合语境。B使……困惑；C使……震惊；D使……觉得愉悦，都不符合语境。
17．C她受到启发，找到 Winter 的假尾巴的发明人。然后，她有了一条新假腿，这只假腿解除了困扰她16年的痛苦。
18．B如今，Maja 装上的假腿使她能正常行走了，她该兑现当初对堂妹的诺言了。
19．D起初，这只海豚小心谨慎地接近 Maja，然后游走了。A盲目地；B生气地；C感激地；D小心地。从语境的连贯和生活常识判断选D。
20．C过了几分钟，这只海豚终于允许她摸一摸它的背，最后海豚 Winter 在水池中与她一起畅游。这里用 touch 表示“触摸”。
.阅读理解
(2010·陕西高考)
Stop Spam!
When I first got an email account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues.Now it seems that every time I check my email, I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all.If we want email to continue to be useful，we need specific laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.
If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse.Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of emails
almost instantly.As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual (个人的) email boxes are often flooded with spam emails.Would people continue to use email if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time?
This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well.Many spam emails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company.Companies rely on email for their employees to communicate with each other.Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks，and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively.Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks.These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passed on to the consumer.
For these reasons，I believe that lawmakers need to legislate(立法) against spam.Spammers should be fined，and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people.Email is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience.
1．What does the underlined word“correspondence”in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．messages
B．ideas
C．connections
D．programs
2．According to the text, what is the major cause of the flooding spam?
A．Companies rely on email for communications.
B．More people in the world communicate by email.
C．Many computer viruses contain spam emails.
D．More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam.
3．According to Paragraph 3, who is the final victim of spam?
A．The business.
B．The advertiser.
C．The employee.
D．The consumer.
4．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To inform.
B．To educate.
C．To persuade.
D．To instruct.
答案与解析
[语篇解读] 本文讲述的是越来越多的垃圾邮件给人们带来的麻烦，作者认为应该立法来限制垃圾邮件。
1．A 猜测词义题。根据句子中的advertisements可知correspondence(通信；信件)也应该是一种信息，故A选项messages正确。
2．D 事实细节题。从第二段第三句“As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products...”可知越来越多的商人想通过发送垃圾邮件来促销产品，故D正确。
3．D 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句话“These computer problems raise production costs of companies，which are，in the end，passed on to the consumer.”这些电脑问题提高了公司产品的成本，但最终转嫁到消费者身上，可知最后的受害者是消费者。
4．C 主旨大意题。文章主要写垃圾邮件的害处，作者呼吁立法限制垃圾邮件。文章有理有据，目的是让大家认识到垃圾邮件的害处，希望政府部门采取措施。A：通知；B：教育；C：说服；D：命令，教导。
