高考英语复习完形填空：考点解析议论文10

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　　完形填空题型一突破(三)——议论文

　　1．议论型完形填空的特点

　　(1)议论形式的完形填空一般是直接提出论点,通过论据论证,最后,作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。→分析问题→解决问题的过程。(3)英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点,而且还要让读者接受自己的观点,因此,在词语表达上除了客观之外,还比较注重委婉。常用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和情态动词can,could,may,might,would,should等。为了辩证推理的条理性和逻辑性,往往较多地使用since,now that,therefore,in that case,because,so,but,however等过渡词和连接词。

　　2．议论型完形填空的备考策略

　　(1)遵循“首句”原则

　　对于议论文形式的完形填空,在掌握全文主旨的情况下,抓好每段的首句是做好试题的基本原则之一。有一项调查结果表明,英语议论文有60%～90%的主旨句在文章的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就“牵住了牛鼻子”,再理解文意也就不难了。

　　(2)理清论点、论据、结论

　　议论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比,议论型完形填空稍微难做。一般的记叙文是按时间顺序进行描述的,我们只要把握事件发生、发展的过程,就能将情景掌握好。然而议论文形式的完形填空就不这么简单了,如果我们对哪是论点、哪是论据、哪是结论都不清楚,只是莽撞地选择答案,其结果可想而知。所以理清论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。

　　(3)“三论”结合验证答案

　　一般来说,能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来,使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系,因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾,论据与论点相悖,最后的结论与论点相矛盾,那就说明我们对于文章的把握欠条理和系统,我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分,直到清楚为止,然后再依据自己对全文的掌握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。

　　(2010·衡阳一次月考)

　　In our life,we have rarely expressed our gratitude to the ones who’dact on it.Saying thanks is such an easy way to 　3　 the world’s happiness.

　　Saying thanks not only 　4　 someone else’s world,but brightens yours.If you’re feeling left out,unloved or unappreciated,try reaching out to others.It may be just the 　5　 you need.

　　Of course,there are times when you can’t express gratitude 　6　.In that case don’t let embarrassment sink you into silence—speak up the first time you have the chance.

　　Once a young minister,Mark Brian,was sent to a 　7　 town of Kwakiutl Indians in British Columbia.The Indians,he had been told,did not have a 　8　 for thankyou.But Brian soon found that these people had special generosity.Instead of saying thanks,it is their custom to return every favor with a favor of their own,and every kindness with an equal or superior　9　.They do their thanks.

　　I wonder if we had words in our vocabulary for thankyou.Would we do a better job of

　　　10　 our gratitude？Would we be more responsive,more sensitive,more caring?

　　Thankfulness sets in motion a chain reaction that

　　people all around us—including ourselves.For no one ever misunderstands the tune of a grateful heart.Its message is universal；its words go beyond all earthly barriers；its music

　　the heavens.

　　1．A.requirements

　　B．anniversariesC．celebrations

　　D．congratulations

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查概括和推理。由首句可知,在生活中,我们很少向那些和我们一起生活许多年的人表达感激之情。此处表示事实上我们不必非要等到周年纪念日时才向他们表示谢意。anniversary周年纪念日；requirement需要,需求；celebration庆祝；congratulations贺词。只有anniversary符合句意。

　　2．A.While

　　B．Since C．Although

　　D．Despite

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查语境。句意为：在你的感激之情活跃而真诚时,把它表达出来吧。while在……时候；since既然,因为,用来引导原因状语从句；although虽然,尽管,引导让步状语从句；despite介词,意思是“不管,尽管”,故应选while。

　　3．A.add up to B．add toC．make up

　　D．look for

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查动词短语。add to增加；add up to总计；make up虚构；补足；look for寻找。此处不定式短语作定语,只有add to合适,表示“说出感谢是增加快乐的如此简单的方式”。

　　4．A.widens

　　B．strengthensC．clears

　　D．brightens

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查动词和上下文照应。此处是一个并列句,后一句省略了also,故前一句中也要使用brightens。句意为：表达感谢不仅能照亮别人的世界,而且也能照亮你的世界。widen(使)变宽；strengthen加强,巩固；clear扫除,清除,结合句意和上下句的结构可以排除这三项。

　　5．A.requirement

　　B．orderC．medicine D．encouragement

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查语境。根据上下文可知,如果你感到你被冷落,向其他人表示你对他们感兴趣,这或许正是你需要的“良药”。medicine良药,有效的东西,可以比喻为解决问题的方法,符合句意。requirement需求,要求；order命令；顺序；encouragement鼓励,都与句意不符。

　　6．A.safely B．immediatelyC．carefullyD．rightly

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查副词和上下文照应。结合下句中的“有机会的时候把它大声说出来”可知,此处意为“有些时候你不能马上表达自己的感激之情”。safely安全地；immediately立即,马上；carefully小心地,谨慎地；rightly正确地。结合词义和语境可知,答案为immediately。

　　7．A.remote B．nearby C．crowded

　　D．poor

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查行文逻辑。结合上下文的意思及其提到的“印第安人”可知,Mark Brian应是到了一个遥远的、偏僻的小镇,故用remote遥远的,偏僻的。nearby附近的；crowded拥挤的；poor贫穷的,文中均没有涉及。

　　8．A.purpose B．desire

　　C．word

　　D．heart

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查行文逻辑。结合下一句的转折可知,印第安人不用语言来表示感谢,而是以自己的行动体现出来,并非没有感激之意,所以不能说他们没有这种意图(purpose)或欲望(desire),同样heart也错误。have a word for表示“说……”。

　　9．A.kindness B．manner

　　C．rewardD．value

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查平行关系。结合前文的“every favor with a favor of their own”可知,此处应用kindness,意为“友好的行为,好事”。manner方法,态度；reward报酬,奖赏；value价值。

　　10．A.communicating

　　B．connectingC．convincing

　　D．copying

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查动词。结合上下文语境,此处表达的应是“传递,表达”谢意。Communicate传达,传递。连接(connect)、说服(convince)和复制(copy)都不符合文意。

　　11．A.treats B．translatesC．transports D．transforms

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查动词。set sth.in motion使(某物)运转,开动(机器)等,使(程序等)开始。本句话的意思是“感谢会产生连锁反应,而这会改变我们周围的人,包括我们自己”transform改变,符合句意和逻辑。

　　12．A.covers

　　B．excitesC．touches D．decorates

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查动词。cover覆盖；touch感动；excite使激动,使兴奋；decorate装饰。结合语境,此处应用touch。句意为：它的音乐可以感动上天。2

　　The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community.As a result,all students must　1　

　　sixty hours of service learning,or they will not receive a diploma.Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community.　2　of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river,working in a soup kitchen,or tutoring a student.

　　　3　a service experience,students must keep a journal (日志) and then write a report about what they have learned.

　　Supporters claim that there are many　4　of service learning.Perhaps most importantly,students are forced to think 　5　 their own interests and become aware of the needs of others.Students are also able to learn real-life skills that 　6　 responsibility,problem-solving,

　　and working as part of a team.Finally,students can explore possible careers 　7　 service learning.For example,if a student wonders what teaching is like,he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.

　　　8　 there are many benefits,opponents (反对者) point out problems with the new requirement.First,they argue that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills.Because service learning is time-consuming,students spend

　　time studying the core subjects.Second,they believe that forcing students to work without 　10　 goes against the law.By requiring service,the school takes away an individual’s freedom to choose.

　　In my view,service learning is a great way to 　11　 to the community,learn new skills,and explore different careers.However,I don’t believe you should force people to help others—the desire to help must come from the heart.I think the best 　12　 is one that gives students choices：a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service.Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility,and as young adults,we must learn to handle both wisely.

　　1．A.spend

　　B．gain

　　C．complete

　　D．save

　　答案　C

　　解析　此空要求选择一个谓语动词,而且其宾语是service learning,不是sixty hours。sixty hours在句中作的是定语,根据搭配和句意可知此题应该选C项,意思是完成60小时的服务性活动的学习。本题易误选A项,但spend作“花费”讲时,其宾语是表示时间和金钱的名词,所以它是错误的。

　　2．A.Subjects

　　B．Ideas C．ProceduresD．Examples

　　答案　D

　　解析　根据下文include后的内容可知此处应该选examples。subjects科目；主题；ideas主意,想法；procedures程序,步骤,均不合题意。

　　3．A.With B．BeforeC．DuringD．After

　　答案　C

　　解析　在活动期间学生要写日志,然后再写报告。所以此处用during,意为“在……期间”。

　　4．A.courses

　　B．benefits

　　C．challenges

　　D．features

　　答案　B

　　解析　从上下文可以看出此处说的是支持者认为此项活动有许多“益处”。

　　5．A.beyond

　　B．about C．over D．in

　　答案　A

　　解析　最重要的好处是强迫学生不仅仅考虑自己,还要考虑他人的需要。beyond their own interests意为“超越他们自己的利益”。

　　6．A.possess B．apply

　　C．includeD．develop

　　答案　C

　　解析　下文紧接着举了三个例子,所以此空用include,其词义是“包括”。

　　7．A.through

　　B．across

　　C．of D．on

　　答案　A

　　解析　through意为“通过……”,符合句意。

　　8．A.So

　　B．Thus

　　C．Since D．While

　　答案　D

　　解析　因为下文提到的是反对者的观点,所以用while虽然,然而,引导让步状语从句。

　　9．A.much B．full

　　C．less

　　D．more

　　答案　C

　　解析　service learning占用了时间所以学习时间就减少了。故此处用less。

　　10．A.cost

　　B．pay C．care D．praise

　　答案　B

　　解析　根据常识可知此处应该选pay。句意为：第二,他们认为强迫学生工作而不付给报酬是违反法律的。

　　11．A.contribute

　　B．appealC．attend D．belong

　　答案　A

　　解析　从下文可知作者首先承认了这项活动对社区的贡献,所以此处用contribute。

　　12．A.decision B．purpose C．solution D．result

　　答案　C

　　解析　从下文可知这是一个解决问题的方法,所以用solution。decision决定,决心；purpose目的,意图；result结果。3

　　There is an English saying：Laughter is the best medicine.Until recently,few people took the saying .Now,however,doctors have begun to look into laughter and the 　2　 it has on the human body.They have found that laughter really can 　3　 people’s health.

　　Tests were 　4　 to study the effects of laughter on the body.People watched funny films

　　　5　 doctors checked their heart beat,blood pressure,breathing and muscles.It was found that laughter has similar effects to 　6　 exercise.It increases blood pressure,the heart beat and breathing；it also

　　several groups of muscles in the face,the stomach,and even the feet.If laughter exercises the body,it must be beneficial.

　　Other tests have shown that laugher appears to be able to 　8　 the effect of pain on the body.In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs.The group that 　9　 the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program.The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both 　10　 and pain.

　　As a result of these discoveries,some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics,in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by 　11　 them to laugh.They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing,making them smile is enough to produce 　12　 effects similar to those caused by laughter.

　　1．A.seriously

　　B．truly

　　C．sincerely

　　D．commonly

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查语境理解。依据下文可知,这里表示很少有人去认真地看待这个谚语。

　　2．A.harm B．strength C．effect D．good

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查固定搭配。“it has on the human body”为省略了关系代词that的定语从句。have an effect on意为“对……有影响”,固定搭配。effect在此处作宾语从句的先行词。故答案选C。

　　3．A.help B．improve C．increase

　　D．damage

　　答案　B