2024届高考英语二轮复习考点讲义：阅读理解-词意猜测解题指导
阅读理解词意猜测解题指导
例1 （2024·湖南） When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days.
It goes like this: You can’t take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. We’d take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the tram, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didn’t like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Mom’s friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day.
The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal (多方式的). She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.
Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just light-rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet.
On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where’s the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river?
I’m writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn’t try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train t meet me.
57. The underlined word “paralyzed” (in Para. 5) is closest in meaning to “_______”.
Take the Lower Keys March rabbit, for instance. An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer — it lives on the islands! — but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0. 6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat (栖息地) completely.
The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators（捕食者）. As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies arc being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.
American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be the firs' of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7-8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate (迁徙) to higher ground — but they already occupy the mountaintops. They can't go any higher. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat beats up.
The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.
Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators, but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.
All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.
42. The word "culprit" ( Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to______.
A. criminal B. judge C. victim D. producer
[点拨]
A 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句后半句：but every year it gets quite a bit Exercise 2
Stage schools often act as agencies
to supply children for stage and television work. More worthy of the name 搒tage school?are those few places where children attend full time, with a training for the theatre and a general education. e Then of course there are times for the children to make a name and make a little money in some big shows. Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age. But the law is very tight on the amount they can do. Those under 13 are limited to 40 days in the year; those over13 to 80 days.
Question:
“Professional work”as used in the text means ____________.
A. ordinary school work
B. money making performances
C. stage training at school
D. acting, singing or dancing after class
Exercise 3
Teens often hear things on TV or from adults about world problems that can frighten them. Now it is terrorism (恐怖主义). Back in my teen years, it was the cold war. It worried me so much that I thought each day would be my last. Mr Templet knew how much it troubled his students. He opened the subject up to discussion. He gave us a way to express our greatest fears and helped us understand war and politics. “One can feel afraid however brave he is,” we were told. Question:
What does the underlined part “the subject” in the paragraph most probably refer to ? A. War and politics. B. World history. C. Terrorism. D. The cold war.
Exercise 4
Only a few years ago, it was impossible to find green products in super markets, but now there are hundreds. Some supermarket products carry labels to show that the product is green. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.
Question:
The under lined word "it" in the paragraph refers to ____.
A. a selling point
B. the company name
C. a great demand for health foodsD. the manufacturing of green products
Exercise 5
Japanese high school students devote about two hours per weekday to homework, and about three hours on Sunday. They spend an average of two hours per day watching television, half an hour listening to the radio, an hour reading casually, and less than half an hour in social relations with peers outside of school.
Japanese adults tend to perceive high school students in many ways as large children instead of young adults. And, while opposite sexes are interested in each other, parents and teachers strongly discourage teenage dating. Most young people do not begin to date until after high school. Finally, for a variety of reasons, there are few drug problems among Japanese adolescents.
Question:
The underlined word “adolescents” in this paragraph means _______ .
A. 青少年
B. 学生
C. 成年人
D. 犯罪
Exercise 6
Five major web sites in the Chinese language ,namely Sina, Sohu, Netease, Baidu and Yahoo are still ranked top ones by web users ,and those that voted for Sina as the best among them were 30.9 percent. Authorized statistics showed that web users in China have already exceeded 100 million, second to that of the United States.
Question:
The underlined word “exceeded” means ___________.
A. increased to
B. increased by
C. risen
D. decreased
•If possible, plan study time with a partner. Choose your partner wisely however. Make su A. working out a complete plan for the whole term B. keeping a good balance between study and rest C. putting the most important tasks first D. trying to study alone instead of working with others 4. The word underlined “odd” in Paragraph 6 probably means “______”. A. strange B. irregular C. busy D. divided
Exercise 2
NEW YORK (Reuters Life!) - Want to strengthen with your teenagers? Try eating dinner with them five times a week, this keeps them off drugs and alcohol -- and the teens also enjoy it.
A survey released Thursday reaffirmed(重新肯定) previous studies that found teenagers who ate dinner as a family five or more times a week are less likely to use drugs, smoke, or drink alcohol than peers who ate with their families two times or less a week.
But the poll of 1,063 teenagers and 550 parents conducted by QEV Analytics(分析学) found contrary to many parents' expectations, most teenagers actually wanted to eat with their families.
"About 84 percent of the kids said they would prefer to have dinner with their parents," said Elizabeth Planet, project manager of the survey commissioned by The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at New York's Columbia University.
"These are teenagers whose parents will tell you they are difficult and don't want to talk. This is not the sense we are getting from the kids themselves. They prefer it."
Teens who had two or less meals a week with their family were 3-½ times more likely to have abused prescription medication, three times more likely to have used drug , and one and half times more likely to drink alcohol.
The teens who ate regularly with their families also got better grades, with 64 percent reporting mostly As and Bs compared to 49 percent of other teens.
"These statistics about the link between the likelihood of drug use and the frequency of dinners always surprises me even though we see it year in and year out," said Planet.
1.The article is most attractive to ______.
A. teens who have a single parent
B. teens who have several brothers or sisters
C. parents who have several children to support
D. parents who are too busy to have dinner with their kids
2. Having meals more than five times a week can help teens _______.
A. keep away from drugs
B. get cleverer
C. recover from illness quickly
D. get along well with others
3. The underlined “it” in the fifth paragraph refers to ______.
A. not talking while having dinner
B. having dinner with their parents
C. the sense of kids while eating
D. keeping away from their parents
4. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. teens don’t like eating with their parents
B. parents don’t like eating with their children
C. parents thought teens hated eating together
D. teens like eating with their friends outside
5. What will happen if parents read the passage?
A. They will manage to have meals at home five times a week
B. They will give more freedom to their kids when having meals
C. They will stop blaming their kids for their mistakes while having dinner
D. They will spend as much time as they can with their kids
[帮你归纳]
（一）常用设问形式：
1.The underlined word"..."refers to(means) ____.
2.Which of the following words can take the place of the word"..."?
3. What is the meaning of"..."as the words are used in the text?
4.Which of the following has the closest meaning to...(paragraph...)?
(二)词义猜测题思路及技巧：
引出并加以解释说明的方式。
学业上的成功取决于你是否有效地利用时间，故答案为A。 . C。由第三条建议中For most people for every hour of study done in daylight hours, it will take them one and a half hours to do the same task at night可知，晚上学习的效率比较低，故答案为C。 . D。由第一、四、七条建议可知A、B、C三项表述正确，D项与第二条建议If possible, plan study time with a partner相违背。 . B。由下文的while you’re waiting for class to start or for a friend to pick you up可知这些时间都是临时的、零散的时间，相对于上文提到的regular (固定的) time，故odd的意思应该是regular的反义词irregular。Overall about 84 percent of the kids said they would prefer to have dinner with their parents可推出孩子更喜欢和父母一起共进晚餐。
2--4、C．根据第三段的内容可知，一项民意测验表明，与父母的料想相反，孩子们愿意和家庭成员一块吃饭。可见，父母原以为孩子不喜欢和家里人一起吃饭。
2--5、A．父母既然知道和孩子一起吃饭有如此多的好处，所以会设法做到这一点。 [单词百宝箱]
distinction n. .区别,明显差别I can't see any distinction between these two cases.我看不出这两个案例有什么不同。 n.代理机构
The company has agencies almost in all parts of the world.那家公司几乎在世界各地都设有代办处。 n.标签
According to the symbol on the label, this sweater should be washed by hand.根据标签上的符号,这件针织套衫应该用手洗。 manufacture v. 制造This firm manufactures cars.这家公司制造汽车。perceive v. 感觉; 察觉She has perceived the danger.她已觉察到那危险了。 统计资料,统计数字We have statistics for the last year.我们有去年的统计资料elease v. 发布，公布
The commission released its findings.委员会公布了调查结果。We're conducting a poll.我们正在进行民意调查。’t feel like it, but we got a raise this week. The dropping in oil price, which made OPEC decide to announce a production cut, has put money in the pockets of consumers, who worry about the world wide recession(经济衰退).
The high price of gasoline has greatly changed driving patterns ,perhaps always “We are seeing changes in habits.”says Julian Lee from the Center for Global Energy Studies in London. People now prefer to buy small cars instead of gas guzzling(高油耗的)SUVs(运动型多功能汽车). If we see this change it becomes a much longer term problem with long term demand destruction.
In the short term, there’s simple math The price going down could save drivers a great deal of money. However, because the U.S. is out of its peak(顶峰)summer driving season, there’s not too much of an encouragement to drive a lot more just because gas prices are down.
1. According to the passage,“we got a raise this week” means
___________.
A. the consumers seldom use their cars at present
B. we’ll face financial problems in the recession
C. the OPEC countries will buy us gasoline for carsD. we’ll spend much less money on gasoline for cars
2. The underlined word “plunge” in the last paragraph most probably means ____________.
A. the action of pulling up
B. delaying or putting off
C. sudden moving downwardD. severe financial problem
1. D
词意推测题。get a raise “得到提薪”。根据字面意思以及下句的汽油价格下降“has put money in the pockets of consumer”可以推测其答案。
2. C
根据前面的 disasters “灾难”以及cuts in production“减少石油生产”可推测其含义为“突然下降，跳水”。
