2024届高考英语二轮专题总复习 阅读能力培养精品系列（二十九）

　　2024届高考英语二轮专题总复习阅读能力培养精品系列（二十九）

　　阅读理解

　　A

　　Although people are born to win, they are also born hopeless and totally dependent on their environment. As we have noted, few people are total winners or losers. Most of them are winners in some areas of their lives and losers in others. Their winning or losing is influenced by what happens to them in childhood.

　　Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence. Losers do not. A lack of response to dependency needs, poor nutrition, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, inadequate physical care, and terrible events are among the many experiences that contributing to making people losers. Such experiences interrupt, or prevent the normal progress towards independence.

　　A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He can separate facts from opinion and doesn't pretend to have all the answers. He listens to others, evaluate what they say, but comes to his own conclusions.

　　A loser repress his own capacity to express appropriately his full range of possible behaviour. He may be unaware of other choices for his life if the path he chooses goes nowhere. He is afraid to try new things. He maintains his own status. He is a repeater. He repeats not only his own mistakes, but also repeats those of his family and culture. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving affection. He does not enter into close, honest, direct relationship with others.

　　1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A. What happens in one's childhood contributes to making people losers or winners.

　　B. Winners will depend on their own conclusions.

　　C. In their lives people become neither winners or losers.

　　D. A loser is afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge.

　　2. From the passage you can infer the underlined word “transition” has the similar meaning as ________.

　　A. substitution

　　B. transformation

　　C. transportation

　　D. situation

　　3. Which of the following is NOT true about the winner?

　　A. He has dependent thinking.

　　B. He is at a loss what to do in his life.

　　C. He can separate facts from his own opinion.

　　D. He can come to his own conclusions.

　　4. A loser may ________.

　　A. lack independence

　　B. do his own thinking

　　C. make correct choices

　　D. draw his own conclusions

　　5. The main idea of the passage is ________.

　　A. success and environment

　　B. the way to become winners

　　C. the factors contributing to making people losers

　　D. the characteristic of winners and losers

　　B

　　In the USA Forbes magazine has published its annual list of the richest people in the world. Bill Gates of Microsoft is the richest man again for the eleventh successive year with a fortune of forty-four billion dollars.

　　There are a record 691 dollar billionaires according to Forbes magazine. Between them they have a fortune of two point two trillion dollars. The highest concentration of the ultra-rich is in New York followed by Moscow and San Fransisco and then London and Los Angeles. But in total the very wealthy live in forty-seven different countries with Iceland Kazakstan Ukraine and Poland entering the list for the first time this year.

　　Laksmi Mittal，an Indian born steel tycoon (巨头)enjoyed the biggest increase in personal fortune. His net worth has quadrupled (变成四倍)to thirteen billion dollars making him the world's third richest man. Ingvar Kamprad founder of the Swedish furniture chain Ikea also saw a big increase in wealth taking him to the sixth place. Developing countries make more of a showing than in past years—there are for example three Russians and four Indians in the top sixty richest people, though surprisingly perhaps none from China excluding Hong Kong. Asian wealth is probably under-represented as its usually spread among families whereas Forbes looks at individuals. Relatively few women feature in the list—among them is JK Rowling，author of the Harry Potter novels ranked 620th with a fortune of 519 million dollars. New entrants to the list include the founders of the Internet search group Google Sergie Brin and Larry Page each worth more than seven billion dollars after their company's recent stock market debut. The richest Italian is the prime minister Silvio Berlusconi ranked number 25 in the global wealth league.

　　6. Which of the following persons has the largest fortune according to this year's Forbes magazine?

　　A. Laksmi Mittal.

　　B. Ingvar Kamprad.

　　C. JK Rowling.

　　D. Silvio Berlusconi.

　　7. There are about ________ persons with a fortune between 100 million dollars and 519 million dollars in the world.

　　A. 300

　　B. 180

　　C. 70

　　D. 150

　　8. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. No Chinese has entered the top sixty richest people in the world.

　　B. Russia is a developing country.

　　C. This is the first time that Sergie Brin and Larry Page has been included in the list.

　　D. There are more billionaires(亿万富翁) in New York than any other city in the world.

　　9. We can infer from the passage that ________.

　　A. there are more billionaires in London than in Moscow

　　B. Ukraine is a very rich country in the world

　　C. JK Rowling's novels have sold very well

　　D. the IT industry is a profit－making industry

　　参考答案

　　Ⅰ. 1. 解析：选C。由第一段最后一句、第三段第一句及最后一段可知，A、B、D三项都是事实；故C项是错误的。

　　2. 解析：选D。词义猜测题。由transition所在句子的意思，及“from...to...”表达了完全相反的意义可知，应选动态的词，transformation是动词transform的名词形式，意为“改变”。substitution代替；transportation运输；situation形式。

　　3. 解析：选B。推理判断题。只有B项是一个失败者经常表现出来的现象。

　　4. 解析：选A。细节理解题。短文的第四段介绍了loser的各种表现：“He is a repeater. He repeats not only his own mistakes, but also repeats those of his family and culture.”而B、C、D三项都是一个winner所具备的素质。

　　5. 解析：选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了成功和失败对人的含义，以及成功者和失败者的种种表现。故选D。其余选项仅仅是短文介绍的一个方面。

　　6. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段“...making him the worlds third richest man”可知，Laksmi Mittal是世界上排名第三的富人，其他三人在他之后，故这四人中他最富有。

　　7. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“There are a record 691 dollar billionaires according to

　　Forbes magazine.”可知，财产超过亿万的富豪有691人；及第三段“JK Rowling，author of the Harry Potter novels ranked 620th with a fortune of 519 million dollars.”可知，罗琳的财产为5亿1千9百万美元，排在富豪榜第620位，故可推算出财产在她之下的亿万富豪为70人左右。

　　8. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段“...though surprisingly perhaps none from China excluding Hong Kong”可知，中国内地无人进入富豪榜前60名，但香港有人进入，故A项是错误的。

　　9. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三段“...among them is JK Rowling，author of the Harry Potter novels ranked 620th with a fortune of 519 million dollars”可知，JK罗琳主要是因为她写

　　2024届高考英语二轮专题总复习阅读能力培养精品系列（二十九）

　　阅读理解

　　A

　　Although people are born to win, they are also born hopeless and totally dependent on their environment. As we have noted, few people are total winners or losers. Most of them are winners in some areas of their lives and losers in others. Their winning or losing is influenced by what happens to them in childhood.

　　Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence. Losers do not. A lack of response to dependency needs, poor nutrition, unhappy relationships, disease, continuing disappointments, inadequate physical care, and terrible events are among the many experiences that contributing to making people losers. Such experiences interrupt, or prevent the normal progress towards independence.

　　A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He can separate facts from opinion and doesn't pretend to have all the answers. He listens to others, evaluate what they say, but comes to his own conclusions.

　　A loser repress his own capacity to express appropriately his full range of possible behaviour. He may be unaware of other choices for his life if the path he chooses goes nowhere. He is afraid to try new things. He maintains his own status. He is a repeater. He repeats not only his own mistakes, but also repeats those of his family and culture. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving affection. He does not enter into close, honest, direct relationship with others.

　　1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A. What happens in one's childhood contributes to making people losers or winners.

　　B. Winners will depend on their own conclusions.

　　C. In their lives people become neither winners or losers.

　　D. A loser is afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge.

　　2. From the passage you can infer the underlined word “transition” has the similar meaning as ________.

　　A. substitution

　　B. transformation

　　C. transportation

　　D. situation

　　3. Which of the following is NOT true about the winner?

　　A. He has dependent thinking.

　　B. He is at a loss what to do in his life.

　　C. He can separate facts from his own opinion.

　　D. He can come to his own conclusions.

　　4. A loser may ________.

　　A. lack independence

　　B. do his own thinking

　　C. make correct choices

　　D. draw his own conclusions

　　5. The main idea of the passage is ________.

　　A. success and environment

　　B. the way to become winners

　　C. the factors contributing to making people losers

　　D. the characteristic of winners and losers

　　B

　　In the USA Forbes magazine has published its annual list of the richest people in the world. Bill Gates of Microsoft is the richest man again for the eleventh successive year with a fortune of forty-four billion dollars.

　　There are a record 691 dollar billionaires according to Forbes magazine. Between them they have a fortune of two point two trillion dollars. The highest concentration of the ultra-rich is in New York followed by Moscow and San Fransisco and then London and Los Angeles. But in total the very wealthy live in forty-seven different countries with Iceland Kazakstan Ukraine and Poland entering the list for the first time this year.

　　Laksmi Mittal，an Indian born steel tycoon (巨头)enjoyed the biggest increase in personal fortune. His net worth has quadrupled (变成四倍)to thirteen billion dollars making him the world's third richest man. Ingvar Kamprad founder of the Swedish furniture chain Ikea also saw a big increase in wealth taking him to the sixth place. Developing countries make more of a showing than in past years—there are for example three Russians and four Indians in the top sixty richest people, though surprisingly perhaps none from China excluding Hong Kong. Asian wealth is probably under-represented as its usually spread among families whereas Forbes looks at individuals. Relatively few women feature in the list—among them is JK Rowling，author of the Harry Potter novels ranked 620th with a fortune of 519 million dollars. New entrants to the list include the founders of the Internet search group Google Sergie Brin and Larry Page each worth more than seven billion dollars after their company's recent stock market debut. The richest Italian is the prime minister Silvio Berlusconi ranked number 25 in the global wealth league.

　　6. Which of the following persons has the largest fortune according to this year's Forbes magazine?

　　A. Laksmi Mittal.

　　B. Ingvar Kamprad.

　　C. JK Rowling.

　　D. Silvio Berlusconi.

　　7. There are about ________ persons with a fortune between 100 million dollars and 519 million dollars in the world.

　　A. 300

　　B. 180

　　C. 70

　　D. 150

　　8. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. No Chinese has entered the top sixty richest people in the world.

　　B. Russia is a developing country.

　　C. This is the first time that Sergie Brin and Larry Page has been included in the list.

　　D. There are more billionaires(亿万富翁) in New York than any other city in the world.

　　9. We can infer from the passage that ________.

　　A. there are more billionaires in London than in Moscow

　　B. Ukraine is a very rich country in the world

　　C. JK Rowling's novels have sold very well

　　D. the IT industry is a profit－making industry

　　参考答案

　　Ⅰ. 1. 解析：选C。由第一段最后一句、第三段第一句及最后一段可知，A、B、D三项都是事实；故C项是错误的。

　　2. 解析：选D。词义猜测题。由transition所在句子的意思，及“from...to...”表达了完全相反的意义可知，应选动态的词，transformation是动词transform的名词形式，意为“改变”。substitution代替；transportation运输；situation形式。

　　3. 解析：选B。推理判断题。只有B项是一个失败者经常表现出来的现象。

　　4. 解析：选A。细节理解题。短文的第四段介绍了loser的各种表现：“He is a repeater. He repeats not only his own mistakes, but also repeats those of his family and culture.”而B、C、D三项都是一个winner所具备的素质。

　　5. 解析：选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了成功和失败对人的含义，以及成功者和失败者的种种表现。故选D。其余选项仅仅是短文介绍的一个方面。

　　6. 解析：选A。推理判断题。根据第三段“...making him the worlds third richest man”可知，Laksmi Mittal是世界上排名第三的富人，其他三人在他之后，故这四人中他最富有。

　　7. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第二段“There are a record 691 dollar billionaires according to

　　Forbes magazine.”可知，财产超过亿万的富豪有691人；及第三段“JK Rowling，author of the Harry Potter novels ranked 620th with a fortune of 519 million dollars.”可知，罗琳的财产为5亿1千9百万美元，排在富豪榜第620位，故可推算出财产在她之下的亿万富豪为70人左右。

　　8. 解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段“...though surprisingly perhaps none from China excluding Hong Kong”可知，中国内地无人进入富豪榜前60名，但香港有人进入，故A项是错误的。

　　9. 解析：选C。推理判断题。根据第三段“...among them is JK Rowling，author of the Harry Potter novels ranked 620th with a fortune of 519 million dollars”可知，JK罗琳主要是因为她写