2024届高考英语（江苏专用）一轮复习讲义：Book 2 Unit 3（牛津译林版）
话题词汇
1.achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩
2.ambitious adj.有雄心壮志的
3.background n.背景
4.characteristic adj.典型的；独特的
5.contribution n.贡献
6.outgoing adj.爱交际的；外向的
7.outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的
8.be gifted at对……有天赋
9.be enthusiastic about对……热心
10.make efforts to do sth.努力做某事
经典语篇
为了纪念特蕾莎修女，某英文报社组织了一次作文比赛，请你根据以下要点，以 “Life of Mother Teresa”为题，写一篇150词左右的介绍特蕾莎修女的文章参赛。
1.1910年生于南斯拉夫，20岁时去了印度当老师；1946年离开学校当了一名护士；
2.她心地善良，在印度帮助穷人、病人、无家可归的人等；
3.建学校和医院，到各地演讲，呼吁人们关心穷人；
4.1979年获得诺贝尔和平奖。
佳作欣赏
Life of Mother Teresa
Mother Teresa is one of the greatest women in the world.
She was born in Yugoslavia in 1910.At the age of 20，she went to India.There she first worked as a teacher. ① However，in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and after that，she was trained to become a nurse. ②She was so kind that she began helping the poor，the sick and the homeless in India.Besides，Mother Teresa opened many schools and hospitals in poor countries.While she was traveling，she called on people to help those in trouble. ③ In 1979，she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the love and the service she had given to unfortunate people.
思维发散
1.将第①句改为复合句
At the age of 20，she went to India，where she first worked as a teacher.
2.将第②句改为含有定语从句的复合句
However，in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school，after which she was trained to become a nurse.
3.将第③句改为省略句
While traveling，she called on people to help those in trouble.
Ⅰ.重点单词
A.写作单词
1.murder (vt.& n.)谋杀
2.rare (adj.)稀有的，罕见的
3.clothing (n.)衣物
4.quality (n.)品质；质量
5.indeed (adv.)的确，确实
6.native (adj.)本地的，本国的
7.whichever (pron.)无论哪个；无论哪些
8.widespread (adj.)广泛的，普遍的
9.outgoing (adj.)爱交际的；友好的；外向的
10.punishment (n.)惩罚
punish (vt.)惩罚
11.warning (n.)警告
warn (v.)警告；提醒
12.requirement (n.)要求，规定
require (v.)要求
13.entrance (n.)入口
enter (v.)进入
entry (n.)进入
14.survival (n.)幸存，存活
survive (v.)幸存；生存
survivor (n.)幸存者
15.death (n.)死亡
die (v.)死，去世
dying (adj.)垂死的；渴望的
deadly (adj.)致命的
16.shortly (adv.)不久，很快
short (adj.)短的；矮的；短缺的
shorten (v.)缩短，使变短
17.apply (vi.)申请；(vt.)使用，应用；涂，敷，施
application (n.)应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷
applicant (n.)申请人
18.inspire (vt.)启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞
inspired (adj.)受到启示的
inspiring (adj.)鼓舞人心的
inspiration (n.)灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
B.阅读单词
19.virus (n.)病毒
20.nationality (n.)国籍
21.status (n.)地位，身份
22.coincidence (n.)巧合，碰巧
23.data (n.)(pl.)数据；资料
24.companion (n.)伴侣；陪伴
25.candidate (n.)候选人；申请人
26.voyage (n.)航行；(尤指)航海，航天
27.signal (n.)信号；(vi.& vt.)发信号；表明
28.superior (n.)上级，上司；(adj.)更好的，更高的
29.content (n.)内容；(adj.)满意的；高兴的；(vt.)使满意
30.curious (adj.)好奇的，求知欲强的
curiosity (n.)好奇心；求知欲
curiously (adv.)好奇地；奇怪地
31.optimistic (adj.)乐观的，抱乐观看法的
optimism (n.)乐观，乐观主义
optimist (n.)乐观主义者；乐天派
32.disturb (vt.)打扰，扰乱
disturbing (adj.)令人不安的
disturbed (adj.)感到不安的
disturbance (n.)干扰；骚乱
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.set sail启航
2.look up to敬佩
3.result in导致，结果是……
4.come across (偶然)遇见；发现
5.be in control (of something)掌管，控制(某物)
Ⅲ.经典句式
1.By the 1920s，he had become an explorer，searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.
到了20世纪20年代，他已经成为一名探险家，致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。
2.He too visited the tomb，only to catch a high fever the next day.
他也去了陵墓，结果第二天就发高烧了。
3.If breathed in，they can result in illness or even death.
如果这些病毒被人体吸入，它们就可能会导致疾病甚至死亡。
4.They not only studied all the subjects required to be an astronaut，but also learnt survival skills and all about how spaceships and rockets are built.
他们不仅学习成为宇航员所必修的全部科目，还学习生存技巧，以及关于飞船和火箭制造的所有知识。
5.Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test，it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China’s first astronaut.
虽然杨(利伟)并非每项测试都得了最高分，但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的身份。
1
curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的
1be curious about对……感到好奇
be curious to do...极想做……
2curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲
from/out of curiosity出于好奇
with curiosity＝curiously好奇地
(1)Don’t be too curious about things you’re not supposed to know.不该知道的事别去打听。
(2)He is curious to know some news about Chang’e 3.
他极想知道嫦娥三号的消息。
(3)Ryle accepted more out of curiosity than anything else.赖尔更多的是出于好奇才同意的。
多维训练
(1)同义句改写
The woman in the shop had looked at them curiously.(用curiosity改写)
The woman in the shop had looked at them with curiosity.
(2)翻译句子
她没道别就离开了，这很反常。
It’s very curious that she left without saying goodbye.
2
1breathe in/out吸进/呼出
2take/draw a deep breath深吸一口气
catch one’s breath屏息；喘口气
hold one’s breath屏住呼吸
lose one’s breath喘不过气来
out of breath上气不接下气
(1)When we breathe，the air goes into our lungs.
当我们呼吸时，空气进入肺内。
(2)The beauty of the scene made him catch his breath.
风景之美令他愕然止息。
(3)While climbing up the stairs the old man always loses his breath.
那老人上楼时总是气喘吁吁的。
多维训练
(1)翻译句子
①他赶上我时已经上气不接下气。
He was out of breath when he caught up with me.
②在乡下，新鲜空气呼吸起来很舒服。
In the countryside，the fresh air is comfortable to breathe in.
(2)He dived in the water and
to search for his girlfriend’s lost gold ring.
A.caught his breath
B.held his breath
C.lost his breath
D.took breath
答案 B
解析 句意为：他跳入水中，屏住呼吸来寻找女朋友丢失的金戒指。所以选择B。
3
[应试指导] (1)同位语从句的考查 (2)虚拟语气的考查
[多词一义] require，want，need
1meet/satisfy one’s requirements满足某人的要求
2require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事
sth.require doing/to be done需要做……
require that...要求……从句中用虚拟语气，即should＋do，should可省略
(1)Its products met all legal requirements.
它的产品符合所有的法律要求。
(2)All the members are required to attend the meeting.
所有成员都被要求出席这次会议。
(3)She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
她耐心地向学生们解释所有的规矩，并要求所有人遵守。(2024·广东)
多维训练
(1)同义句改写
①This wall requires repairing.(用不定式作宾语改写)
This wall requires to be repaired.
②The situation required us to make an immediate decision.(改为复合句)
The situation required that we (should) make an immediate decision.
(2)The boss
that Mary finish the work within a week.
A.claimed
B.needed
C.wanted
D.required
答案 D
解析 require后跟从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即(should＋) do形式。
4
[多词一义] discourage sb.from doing...，prevent sb.from doing...，keep sb.from doing...，stop sb.from doing...
1discourage sb.from doing...阻止某人做……
2discouraged adj.气馁的，泄气的
3courage n.勇气
keep up one’s courage鼓起勇气；不泄气
lose courage丧失勇气
(1)His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。
(2)The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他而言是重大打击，但是他没有泄气，很快热情如初。(2024·福建)
(3)He showed great courage and determination.
他表现得十分勇敢和果断。
多维训练
(1)同义句改写
He was discouraged by the unsuccessful attempt and decided to give it up.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Discouraged by the unsuccessful attempt，he decided to give it up.
(2)The news about the terrible flood there greatly discouraged
there for sightseeing.
A.us from going
B.us to go
C.our going
D.our to go
答案 A
解析 discourage sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事，故选A。
5
[应试指导] 虚拟语气的考查
1have a desire for sth./to do sth.渴望得到某物/做……
satisfy one’s desire满足某人的愿望
at one’s desire照某人的希望；应某人的要求
2desire to do...希望做……
desire sb.to do...希望某人做某事
(1)They seem to have lost their desire for life.
他们似乎已丧失了对生活的渴望。
(2)Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn online.
我们的学生来自不同的背景但是同样都渴望在网上学习。(2024·安徽)
(3)He desired me to inform her that he had made his peace with God.
他想让我告诉她他已接受了上天的安排。
[特别提醒]
desire后接宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时，从句中使用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。
多维训练
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①His friendly warnings have caused the desired (desire) response.
②Anyone desiring (desire) to vote must come to the meeting.
③I desire that these letters (should) be burnt (burn) after my death.
(2)一句多译
他希望赢得这场比赛。
①He desired to win the game. (desire v.)
②He had a desire to win the game.(desire n.)
③He desired that he (should) win the game.(desire that...)
6
apply vt.& vi.涂；应用；使用；申请；努力学习；涉及
[应试指导] 申请类写作高频词汇
(1)apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物
apply to适合
apply sth.to sth.把某物应用(涂抹)于……
apply oneself to (＝be applied to)致力于/集中精力于……
(2)application n.应用，运用；申请，申请表
(3)applicant n.申请人
(1)Terms and conditions apply.
适用条件条款。(2024·福建)
(2)I could apply for the 2,000 yuan fund to lend a hand to my rural peer group.
我可以申请2 000元的基金去帮助农村的同龄人。
(3)Apply some medicine to his wound.
给他的伤口上点药吧。
多维训练
(1)用apply的适当形式填空
①The new technology，if applied to rice growing，will help increase the grain output.
②His application for membership of the organization was rejected.
③If the applicant is not a true candidate for the job，do not interview him.
(2)If you apply yourself to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.
①Applying yourself to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②Applied to the job in hand，you’ll soon finish it.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
7
be superior to比……优越/高于
be inferior to 比……劣/差
be junior to比……年幼/地位低
be senior to比……年长/资历深
(1)We have a relationship infinitely superior to those of many of our friends.
我们的关系要比我们同其他许多朋友的关系好得多。
(2)He preferred the company of those who were intellectually inferior to himself.
他喜欢与那些智力水平不如他的人共处。
多维训练
用适当的介词填空
(1)The army is superior in number to its enemy.
