2024届高考英语一轮复习必备单词素材：Unit 21 Human Biology（北师大版）
Unit 21 Human Biology
[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]
1.circulate vi. 循环
2.digest vt.
消化
3.abuse vt.
滥用
4.fundamental adj.
根本的；基础的
5.seek vt.
寻找
6.annual adj.
每年的，一年一次的
7.cater vi.
满足；迎合
8.treat vt.
款待
9.postpone vt.
推迟，延期
10.compulsory adj.
强制性的，义务的
11.temporary adj.
临时的；短暂的
12.decline vi.
下降
13.circumstance n.
情形；情况
14.unite vt. 联合；团结；统一→united adj.团结的→union n．联合
15.tolerate vt.容忍→toleration n．容忍；忍受→tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的→tolerance n．宽容；容忍
16.oppose vt.反对→opposite adj.相反的；反对的 n．反义词→opposition n．反方；对立面→opposed adj.相反的，对立的
17.prohibit vt.禁止→prohibition n．禁止；禁令→prohibitive adj.禁止的
18.faith n．信心→faithful adj.守信的；忠实的→faithfully adv.忠实地，真诚地
19.equip vt.装备；使有准备→equipment n．装备；装备品
20.submit vt.认为；提交→submission n．屈从，屈服；意见；提交→submissive adj.服从的
21.privileged adj.荣幸的→privilege n．特权
22.fortune n．大笔钱财，巨款 →fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地
23.rob vt.使丧失；抢劫→robber n．抢劫犯→robbery n．抢劫
24.concern n．担心，担忧→concerned adj.担心的；有关的→concerning prep.关于 用所给词的适当形式填空1.The manager has faith in his secretary, because he thinks she is faithful to him and always helps him faithfully.(faith)
2.She was very fortunate to come into a large fortune,_but unfortunately she was confirmed to suffer from a deadly disease.(fortune)
3.I admire you for your tolerance,_because you can tolerate things which can't be tolerant.(tolerate)
4.Concerning all the things concerned,_I am most concerned about this matter.(concern)
5.As a famous saying goes, union is strength. If united,_we can overcome all the difficulties, so let's unite together.(unite)
6.The students living far away from the school were strongly opposed to the plan. Their opposition prevented the plan from being carried out. (oppose)
7.This is a modern, bright and well equipped hospital, and its equipment is of the first level.(equip)
8.As we all know, an annual meeting is held annually.(annual)
9.Several robbers robbed the bank of an enormous sum of money, making the largest robbery of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob)
10.They prepared a report for submission to the council, in which they submitted that the evidence was unreliable.(submit) 1.“寻找，搜寻”词汇一览
①look for 寻找
②search for
搜寻
③seek (for)
寻找
④hunt for
搜寻，寻找
2.“财富”相关名词小聚
①fortune
大笔钱财
②treasure
财富，财产
③wealth
财富
④possession
财产，财富
⑤property
财产，不动产
3.聚焦“状况，情况”相关名词
①condition
状态；环境
②state
状态，状况
③situation
情形，处境
④circumstance
环境，状况
⑤status
地位；情形
4.annual相关形容词全扫描
①weekly
每周的
②monthly
每月的
③daily
每日的
④quarterly
每季度的
⑤hourly
每小时的
⑥minutely
每分钟的
5.由decline想到的
①增加：rise, increase, go up
②减少：fall, drop, decrease, decline, go down
6.oppose近/反义词大全
①reject v.
拒绝
②object v.
反对；不赞成
③agree v．同意→disagree v．反对
④agreement n．同意→disagreement n．不同意
⑤approve v．赞成；批准→disapprove v．不赞成
⑥approval n．赞成；批准→disapproval n．不赞成
[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]
1.in_vain 徒劳，白费力气
2.at_random
随便地，随意地
3.at_all_costs_
不管多大代价
4.straight_away_
立刻，马上
5.wipe_out__
彻底毁灭
6.stop_sth._in_its_tracks
终止；消灭
7.rob_sb.of_sth.
抢劫某人某物
8.at_any_rate
无论如何；至少
9.get_down_to_
开始做
10.bring_up
教育；抚养；呕吐
11.get_through__
通过(考试)；完成
12.clear_up_
整理；解释；澄清；
放晴
13.put_off_
推迟；延期
14.miss_out_
遗漏；遗忘；错过
机会
15.focus_on
聚焦；集中；对准 选用左栏短语填空1.It's not a easy task for you to bring_up a small child on your own.
2.Had the boy worked harder, he would have got_through the exams.
3.I tried to make his peace with her, but in_vain.
4.Last week, I was robbed_of my wallet in front of a hotel on my way home.
5.The noise made it hard for me to focus_on work.
6.It's time I got_down_to thinking about that essay.
7.I'll just read through the form again to make
sure I haven't missed anything out.
8.It is raining now, but I think it will clear_up soon. 1.“开始/着手做某事”短语精选
①get down to doing sth.
②set out to do sth.
③set about doing sth.
④settle down to sth.
⑤start/begin doing/to do sth.
2.“立即，即刻”短语全接触
①at once 立即
②right now/away
立刻
③straight away
立刻，马上
④in no time
立刻，马上
⑤in a flash
即刻
⑥in an instant
立即；马上
3.clear短语荟萃
①clear away
把……清理出去，
把……收拾整洁
②clear off
溜掉，离开
③clear out
把……清理干净
④clear up
解释；澄清；放晴
[背原句] [记句式] [会仿用]
1.It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.
获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。 It is＋adj. ＋ for sb.＋to do ...句型。 他这次或许能通过驾照考试。It_is_possible_for_him_to_pass the driving test this time.
2.The Olympic spirit － the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning － has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。 rather than并列连词，表示“而不是”。 作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。As students, we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_exams.
3.Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.
西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的年轻人而不是老年人，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。 “Sb./Sth.be believed to ...” 意为“某人或某物被认为……”。 据说这本书已被翻译成了好几种外国语言。The book is said to have been translated into several foreign languages.
1．seek (sought，sought) vt.寻找；寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图
[高考佳句] Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.(2024·天津高考单选)
构思清晰、笔法纯熟，这本书激发了那些希望自己寻找答案的学生的自信心。
seek sth.from sb.向某人请求/寻求某物
seek (after/for) sb./sth.
追求/寻找某人/某物
seek one's fortune
寻找成功(致富)的机会
seek out 找出；寻出
seek to do sth.
试图做某事
①We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us.
我们试图找一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融洽。
②They sought_out a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.
他们找到了一个可以坐下休息而且方便的地方。
③He told us that he was going to Beijing to seek_his_fortune and I suggested that he should_seek_advice_from his teacher and shouldn't seek_(after/for) comfort, personal fame or gain.
他告诉我们他要去北京碰碰运气，我建议这件事情他应该请教他的老师，不要一味地贪图安逸，追名逐利。
2．oppose vt.&vi.反对；反抗
[教材原句] Genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.
基因疗法有很多争议，许多人反对进一步研究。
(1)oppose doing sth.反对做某事
oppose sb.'s doing sth.
反对某人做某事
(2)opposed adj.
相反的；对立的
be opposed to (doing) sth.
反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立
Her wealthy parents opposed/were_opposed_to_her_marrying a boy from the poor family.
她那富有的父母反对她同贫寒家庭的孩子结婚。
We all strongly oppose driving (drive) after drinking.
我们都强烈反对酒后驾驶。
[写作联想] 例句②其他表达方式
We all strongly object to driving after drinking.
②We are all strongly opposed to driving after drinking.
③We are all strongly against driving after drinking.
3．postpone vt.推迟，延期
[教材原句] I decided not to postpone studying (as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.
我决定不推迟学习(就像我平常那样！)，而是每天早上早点起床立刻开始学习。
postpone doing sth.延缓/推迟做某事
postpone sth.until/to ...
把某事推迟到……
①Owing to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leaving_(leave)．
由于天气不好，我们决定推迟动身。
②It has been decided the meeting should be postponed_until/to next Saturday.
已经决定，会议延期到下星期六举行。
4．prohibit vt.禁止，阻止
[教材原句] Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.
自从“非典”疫潮结束后，科学家们一直在做治疗方面的试验以预防将来再次爆发。
(1)prohibit (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事
(2)
禁止某人做某事
(3)prohibition n.
禁止；禁令
a prohibition against/on ...
……的禁令
It was the bad weather that prohibited their (they) going to the science museum.
是糟糕的天气阻止了他们去参观科学博物馆。
Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit people's using mobile phones in some places.
＝Some people think that it's necessary to prohibit_people_from_using mobile phones in some places.
一些人认为有必要禁止人们在一些场所使用手机。
They voted in favor of the prohibition (prohibit) of smoking in public areas.
他们投票赞成在公共场合禁止吸烟。
[写作联想] 例句②其他表达方式
Some people think that it's necessary to prevent people from using mobile phones in some places.
②Some people think that it's necessary to stop people from using mobile phones in some places.
③Some people think that it's necessary to keep people from using mobile phones in some places.
5．decline vi.&vt.下降；衰退；谢绝 n．下降；衰退
[高考佳句] Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined. (2024·天津高考完形)
尽管她的描述听起来很精彩，但这所房子的价格超出了我们的承受范围。因此，我们拒绝了。
(1)decline to do sth.婉拒做某事
(2)decline in/of sth.
在某方面减少/下降
in decline
下降
on the decline
走下坡路，在衰退中
fall/go into (a) decline
开始衰落，陷入衰退
①He is still one of the world's most popular golfers, but his skill is in_decline.
他仍是世界上最受欢迎的高尔夫球选手之一，但他的球技在下降。
②The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.
自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数一直在下降。
③The intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry to fall/go_into_(a)_decline.
来自海外的激烈竞争导致棉花产业的衰退。
6．equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备
[高考佳句] To keep the feet dry and comfortable, this new kind of shoes is equipped with a microfan. (2024·湖南高考书面表达)
为了保持双脚干爽舒适，这种新的鞋子配有微型风扇。
(1)equip ...with ... 用……装备……
equip ...for sth./to do sth.
为(做)某事而装备……
be equipped for/to do sth.
