2024届高考英语一轮复习必备单词素材：Unit 19 Language（北师大版）
Unit 19 Language
[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]
1.decade n． 十年
2.trend n.
趋势，倾向
3.attain vt.
达到；获得
4.ensure vt.
确保，保证
5.enlarge vt.
扩大
6.guarantee vt.
保证
7.resemble vt.
像；与……相似
8.purchase vt.
购买
9.accelerate vi.&vt.
加速
10.merely adv.
只；仅仅
11.unconscious adj.无意识的；不知不觉的→conscious adj.意识到的；故意的
12.fluency n．流利度，流畅度→fluent adj.流利的，流畅的→fluently adv.流利地
13.accuracy n．精确度，准确度→accurate adj.精确的，准确的→accurately adv.精确地
14.absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席→absent adj.缺席的，不在场的
15.acquisition n．(语言)习得→acquire v．获取，得到
16.surround vt.环绕，围绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．环境
17.adjust vt.调节；调整→adjustment n．调节；调整
18.congratulate vt.祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺
19.negotiate vt.谈判；协商→negotiation n．谈判；协商
20.offence n．冒犯；得罪→offend v．冒犯
21.approval n．赞成；赞许；批准→approve vt.赞成
22.applicant n．申请人→apply vi.申请→application n．申请书
23.embarrass vt.使窘迫→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，令人窘迫的→embarrassed adj.窘迫的→embarrassment n．窘迫，难堪
24.inform vt.告知，通知→information n．信息 用所给词的适当形式填空1.Because it was his first offence
(offend), the punishment wasn't too severe.
2.They found him lying unconscious (conscious) on the floor when they broke in.
3.Having devoted himself to language acquisition (acquire) for many years, he did make great achievements.
4.After discussing it with my teacher, I made a few adjustments (adjust) to my original design.
5.The negotiations (negotiate) with the company had reached a new stage.
6.The teacher advised me to improve the fluency of my spoken English, because I couldn't speak English fluently.(fluency)
7.Thanks to your approval,_if you didn't approve of my plan, I would be fired by the employer.(approve)
8.He received many congratulation emails from his friends who congratulated on his winning the first prize in the speech contest.(congratulate)
9.Bob is always accurate at figures and can accurately describe what he finds, so the accuracy of his report is beyond doubt.(accurate)
10.The manager required that he should be informed of any useful information.(inform)
11.Many people have applied for the job. The applicants must hand in their applications by Friday.(apply)
12.He was absent from the meeting and his absence made the problem more difficult.(absence)
13.The question really embarrassed him. In other words, the embarrassing question made him embarrassed.(embarrass) 1.att开头单词集锦
①attain vt.达到；获得
②attend v.
出席；上(学)
③attitude n.
态度
④attract vt.
吸引
⑤attach vt.
使依附；贴上
⑥attention n.
注意力
⑦attack v．&n.
攻击；抨击
⑧attempt v．&n.
企图，试图
2.前缀en动词全扫描
enrich
使充实
enable
使能够
enlarge
扩大
ensure
确保，担保
endanger
使……遭遇危险
entitle
给……起题目
enforce
执行，实施
3.后缀ence名词集合
evidence
证据
consequence
结果
convenience
便利；方便
difference
差异；不同
absence
缺乏；缺席
⑥existence
存在
⑦intelligence
智力
4.由surroundings想到的
①savings
积蓄
②earnings
工资
③belongings
所有物
④findings
调查
⑤greetings
问候的话
5.识记以ad开头的动词
①adjust
调节；调整
adapt
使适应；改编
adopt
收养；采纳
admire
钦佩；欣赏
admit
承认；准许进入
adore
热爱，爱慕
advance
前进；发展
advocate
主张，提倡
[写得准] [用得活] [积得多]
1.keep_in_mind 记住
2.stand_out
出色；突出
3.get_ahead__
取得成功；获得进步
4.rely_on
依靠；依赖
5.take_the_form_of
以……的形式
出现(存在)
6.adjust_...to_...
调整……以适
应……
7.inform_sb._of_sth._
通知某人某事
8.consist_of__
由……组成，构成
9.catch_on
学会；受欢迎
10.for_ages__
很久，很长时间
11.congratulate_sb._on_sth._
就某事向某人
祝贺
12.on_purpose
故意地
13.regardless_of_
不管；不顾
14.on_the_other_hand
另一方面
15.I_bet__
我肯定
16.more_than_
不仅仅；超过 选用左栏短语填空1.If you keep working like this, there's no doubt that you'll get_ahead of others.
2. Keep_in_mind that letting go is a state of mind and has nothing to do with your action.
3.The new method caught_on and many peasants became very skilful at it.
4.The medical team consisting_of five doctors and seven nurses has been sent to West Africa.
5.Bella was in despair and felt she had no one to rely_on in the world.
6.She will have to adjust herself to new conditions after moving to a new city.
7.Do you inform them of the progress of the work？
8.They were all attractive, but she stood_out from the others.
9.I asked him why he left out important information on_purpose.
10.It took them more_than one billion dollars to complete the project.
1.盘点“组成”短语
①consist of由……组成
make up
组成；化妆
be made up of
由……所组成
be composed of
由……所组成
2.“故意地”相关词汇知多少
purposely adv. 故意地，蓄意地
②deliberately adv.
审慎地；故意地
③intentionally adv.
故意地，有意地
by design
故意地，有意地
on purpose
有目的地，有意地
3.than短语清单
more than
不仅仅；超过
other than
除了
rather than
而不是
less than
少于
4.mind短语个个清
make up one's mind下决心
bear/keep (...) in mind
记住
change one's mind
改变主意
come to mind
突然记起或想到
[背原句] [记句式] [会仿用]
1.It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.
早在18世纪人们就预测，有一天英语将成为全球性语言，并且在过去的几十年中它已得到了证明。 It was predicted that ...“据预测……”。 有人预测，未来几年云平台的使用将会翻三倍。It_is_predicted_that the use of cloud platforms could triple in the next couple of years.
2.Quality input ensures quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.
不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。 “whether ...or ...”引导让步状语从句。 无论明天下不下雨，我们都要去参观鸟巢。We are going to pay a visit to the Bird's Nest tomorrow, whether_it_rains_or_not.
3.Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.
第三，你们说我只要预付就有折扣。 provided that引导条件状语从句。 只要情况允许，我们下周将举行会议。Provided_that circumstances permit, we shall hold the meeting next week.
1．absence n．不存在；缺乏；缺席
[教材原句] However, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.
然而，在缺少母语环境的情况下，学习作为外语的英语非常困难。
(1)absence from ... 缺席；离开
absence of mind
心不在焉
during/in one's absence＝during/in the absence of sb.
在某人不在的时候
(2)absent adj.
缺席的；茫然的
absentminded adj.
心不在焉的
be absent from
缺席；不存在；缺少
Her absence (absent) of mind during driving nearly caused an accident.
她驾车时心不在焉，几乎导致车祸。
He was_absent_from the party yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.
昨天他因为心脏病突发，没有参加聚会。
Those heat can warm things up pretty quickly during/in_the_absence_of a cooling system.
在缺少冷却系统的情况下，那些热量能够使物体迅速升温。
2．surround vt.环绕，围绕；包围
[教材原句] Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, you need to be surrounded by it.
一些备受尊崇的语言习得理论认为，要想达到高水平的外语流利程度和准确性，你得置身于该语言的环境中。
(1)surround sb./sth.with sb./sth.
用某人/某物包围某人/某物
be surrounded by/with sb./sth.
被某人/某物包围
(2)surrounding
adj.
周围的，附近的
surroundings n.
周围的事物；环境；气氛
When the car stopped in the town square it was_surrounded_by/with soldiers soon.
当汽车停在城镇广场时很快被士兵包围了。
The surrounding (surround) villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city.
周围的村庄已经并入了那不断扩展的城市。
Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings (surround).
只有这样，我们才能生活在更加舒适优美的环境中。
3．guarantee vt.保证；担保n.保证；保证书；抵押品
[教材原句] Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.
读前了解资讯的主要内容可以保证阅读英文时更透彻的理解。
(1)guarantee sb.against/from保证某人免受(损伤或伤害)
guarantee sb.sth.
保证某人某事
guarantee to do sth.
保证做某事
guarantee that ...
保证……
be guaranteed to do sth.
必定做某事
(2)under guarantee
在保修期内
give sb.a guarantee (that ...)
向某人保证(……)
①Even if you complete your training, I can't guarantee_you_a_job.
即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你能有工作。
②We guarantee_that you will be compensated for any loss caused by our negligence.
由于我们的疏忽而造成的任何损失，我们保证赔偿。
③The car is less than a year old, and therefore still under_guarantee.
这辆汽车使用不到一年，因此仍在保修期内。
[熟词生义] 读句子猜含义
④He had to offer his house as a guarantee to get a loan from the bank. 抵押品
4．adjust vt.调节；调整；整理vi.适应
[经典例句] If your employment status changes, your tax code sill be adjusted accordingly.(朗文P30)
如果就业状况改变，你的免税代码也会作相应调整。
(1)adjust to 适应于
adjust (sth./oneself) to (doing) sth.
使(某物/某人自己)适应(做)某事
(2)adjustment n.
调整，调节，适应
make an adjustment
作出调整
Obviously，students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
显然，学生们调整自己的睡眠周期以适应日常安排是很难的。
In the new term, most students adjusted themselves (they) to the new environment very quickly.
在新学期，大多数学生很快使自己适应了新的环境。
Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. (2024·江苏高考单选)
一些学校将不得不作出调整以和国家足球改革保持一致。
[写作联想] 例句②其他表达方式
In the new term, most students adapted themselves to the new environment very quickly.
②In the new term, most students adapted to the new environment very quickly.
③In the new term, most students fit in with the new environment very quickly.
5．inform vt.告知，通知
[经典例句] I have been reliably informed that the couple will marry next year.(牛津P1046)
我得到可靠消息说他们俩将明年结婚。
(1)inform sb.of/about sth. 通知某人某事
