2024届高考英语一轮基础知识复习课件：选修8 Unit 2 Cloning（新人教版）

　　4．owe vt. 欠；感激；应给予；把……归功于 归纳拓展 owe sb. sth.(＝owe sth. to sb.) 欠某人……/把……归功于某人 owe it to sb. that ... 把……归功于某人 owing to(＝because of＝due to＝thanks to) 由于 5．forbid vt. 禁止；妨碍；阻止 归纳拓展 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 It's forbidden to do sth. 做某事是禁止的 (2)用forbid的相关词语完成下列小片段。 在英国的许多公共场所禁止吸烟。即使在家里，没有其他家庭成员的允许，吸烟也是禁止的。因此，在中国，一些人认为，我们的法律也应该禁止人们在公共场合吸烟。 In many public places in England, it ①________________. Even at home, without the permission of other members, smoking ②________________. So some people in China also hold the opinion that our law should also ③________________ in public. 答案：(1)①to play　②smoking　③to look　(2)①is forbidden to smoke　②is forbidden　③forbid people to smoke 6．strike vt. 敲击；打中；忽然想起；给人深刻印象；罢工 n. 罢工 归纳拓展 strike sb. on the head/arm 打某人的头/臂 strike a bargain/deal 达成交易 strike sb. (as sth.) 给某人印象；让某人觉得 go on strike 举行罢工

　　③________ ________ ________ ________(我忽然想到) that we might have made the wrong decision. ④The workers ________ ________ ________ ________(将举行罢工) if the demands they put forward are turned down. 答案：①What struck me most　②was struck by floods　③It struck/hit/occurred to me　④will go on strike 1.pay off 还清(债务)；取得成功；得到回报 归纳拓展 pay for 为……付钱/付出代价 pay back 偿还(债务)；报答 pay a visit to 参观；访问 pay attention to 注意；重视 答案：①paid off　②pay off your old loan/debt　③pay attention to their lessons 2．be in good/poor condition 处于好的/坏的状况 归纳拓展 out of/in bad condition (人)身体不适 on condition that 只要；条件是 on this/that condition 在这种/那种条件下 on no condition 绝不；一点儿也不 working/living conditions 工作/生活条件

　　③You are bound to achieve your aim ________ ________ ________(只要) you spare no efforts and costs. ④Over the past years, his ________ ________(生活条件) haven't improved, which cast him down. 答案：①in poor condition　②on no condition　③on condition that　④living conditions 1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多莉病重的消息。 该句中的划线部分是一个由that引导的同位语从句。 归纳拓展 同位语从句紧跟在fact, news, idea, doubt, possibility, hope, promise, belief, suggestion, request等名词后，用来说明解释名词的具体内容。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而被其他成分隔开，在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。 　第一部分

　　选修八

　　路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 人教版 · 高考总复习 Unit 2　Cloning 选修八 第一部分　基础知识聚焦 考点探究演练 2 基础知识巩固 3 基础知识晨记 1 基础知识晨记 Ⅰ.单词速记 A．快速识记 1．________ vt.禁止；不准 2．________ vt.获得；赢得 3．________ vt.扔；投；掷 4．________ vt.欠；归功于 5．________ adj.最初的；开始的 6．________ vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 7．________ adj.义务的；强制的 8．________ vt.& vi.打扰；烦心　n．烦扰 forbid obtain cast owe initial adore compulsory bother

　　9．________ vt.& vi.打；罢工；撞击　n. 罢工 10．________ n．媒体；媒介→(复数形式)________ 11．________ vt.抵抗；对抗→________ n．反抗；抵抗力 12．__________ vt.& vi.积累；聚积→____________ n．积累；累积 13．__________ adj.商业的；贸易的→________ n．商业；贸易 14．__________ n．假定；设想→________ vt.假定；假设；承担 15．________ vi.反对；不赞成→________ n．反对；不赞成；异议 strike medium media resist resistance accumulate accumulation commercial commerce assumption assume object objection 16．________ adj.道德的；伦理的→________ n．道德；品行；美德 17．________ vi.退休；离开→________ adj.退休的→__________ n．退休；退役 18．________ adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的→________ n．虚荣(心)；自负；自大 19．________ vi.不同；相异→________ adj.不同的→___________ n．差别；不同(之处) 20．_________ adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→(反义词) ___________ adj.不合理的；非理智的→______ vt.推理；推断 moral morality retire retired retirement vain vanity differ different difference reasonable unreasonable reason B．归类巧记 1．巧记合成名词 ①break through→breakthrough 突破 ②break out→outbreak 爆发 ③fall down→downfall 垮台 ④get together→get­together 聚会 2．由forbid的用法想到的 3．accumulate相关动词小结 ①accumulate vt. & vi. 积累 ②increase vt. & vi. 增长 ③enlarge vt. & vi. 扩大；放大 ④expand vt. & vi. 扩大；膨胀 ⑤shrink vt. & vi. 收缩；缩小 ⑥reduce vt. & vi. 减少 4．resist形近词集锦 ①resist v．抵抗 ②insist v. 坚持 ③assist v. 协助

　　④assistant n. 助手

　　⑤consist vi. 由……组成

　　⑥consistent adj. 始终如一的；一贯的

　　Ⅱ.高频短语 1．还清；得到好结果________________ 2．赞成；支持________________ 3．使沮丧；使失望________________ 4．不时；偶尔________________ 5．反对________________ 6．使……复生；使……复活________________ 7．一定或注定要做……________________ 8．对某人判刑________________ 9．克服；熬过；恢复________________ 10．白费力气；枉费心机________________ pay off in favor of cast down from time to time object to bring ...back to life be bound to do ... make sentence to sb. get over in vain 11．将……归功于……________________ 12．旁路；支线；岔道________________ 13．使……刻骨铭心________________ 14．状况很好(坏)________________ 15．另一方面________________ 16．义务教育________________ 17．值得做某事________________ 18．适合于……的________________ 19．取得突破________________ 20．A不同于B________________ owe ...to ... side road strike ...into one's heart in good/poor condition on the other hand compulsory education be worth doing sth. be appropriate to/for ... make a breakthrough A differs from B Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．The fact is ________ these are both examples of natural clones. 实际上，这些都是自然克隆现象。 2．But at last the determination and ________(patient)of the scientists ________ ________ in 1996 with ________ breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep. 但是，科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊多莉的诞生。 3．However, scientists still wonder ________ cloning will help or harm us and ________ it is leading us. 然而科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类，以及克隆技术将把我们引向哪里感到困惑。 4．This is ________ the cloning of mammals is still ________ new science and ________ story only began seriously in the 1950s ________ this list shows. 这是因为克隆哺乳动物仍然还是一门新的科学，它是从20世纪50年代才开始进行认真研究的，如下表所示。

　　5．Then ________ of them would be left to continue the species. 这样它们可能一个也留不下来传宗接代了。 答案：1.that　2.patience; paid off; a　3.whether; where　4.because; a; its; as　5. none Ⅳ.语法过关 同位语从句 1．We've just heard a warning on the radio ________ a typhoon may be on its way. 2．The fact ________ this country spends more on its military than on education and health care combined is a serious and worrying thought. 3．I made a promise to myself ________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 4．I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn't working, so could you fix it for me? 5．Don't worry! There is still a great chance ________ we can make up for the lost time. 答案：1.that　2.that　3.that　4.why　5.that Ⅴ.语篇填空 On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of ①________(object) and had a great impact ②________ the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the ③________(possible) of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.④________ at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult ⑤________(obtain), newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain ⑥________ ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions.

　　Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, ⑦________ other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid ⑧________ cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder ⑨________ cloning will help or harm us and where it ⑩________(lead) us.

　　答案：①objections　②on　③possibility　④Although　⑤to obtain　⑥their　⑦but　⑧that　⑨whether　⑩is leading 考点探究演练 1.object vt. 反对；不赞成(后常接介词to) 归纳拓展 object to sb./sth. 不赞成/反对…… object to doing sth. 反对做某事 object that ... 反对…… have an objection to ... 反对…… raise an objection to ... 对……提出异议

　　④It was he who ________ ________ ________ ________(反对) your arbitrary assumption. 答案：①objecting　②cheating　③objection　④objected to/had an objection to 2．bother vt. 打扰　vi. 操心；费心　n. 烦扰 归纳拓展 bother (oneself) to do sth. 费心做某事 bother sb. about/with sth. 就某事打扰某人 bother sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 It bothers sb. that ... 使某人烦恼的是…… have bother doing sth. 做某事很费劲

　　④________ ________ ________(bother) by the problem for such a long time, she made up her mind to seek help from her teacher. 答案：①to give　②finding　③with　④Having been bothered 3．resist vt. 抵抗；对抗 归纳拓展 resist sb. doing sth. 反对某人做某事 can't resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 be hard/difficult to resist 难以抗拒

　　③Finally no one could resist ________ (burst) into laughter. ④As for me, tasty food ________ ________ ________ ________(难以抗拒)． 答案：①consciously resist　②forbidding　③bursting　④is hard to resist * * 　第一部分

　　4．owe vt. 欠；感激；应给予；把……归功于 归纳拓展 owe sb. sth.(＝owe sth. to sb.) 欠某人……/把……归功于某人 owe it to sb. that ... 把……归功于某人 owing to(＝because of＝due to＝thanks to) 由于 5．forbid vt. 禁止；妨碍；阻止 归纳拓展 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 It's forbidden to do sth. 做某事是禁止的 (2)用forbid的相关词语完成下列小片段。 在英国的许多公共场所禁止吸烟。即使在家里，没有其他家庭成员的允许，吸烟也是禁止的。因此，在中国，一些人认为，我们的法律也应该禁止人们在公共场合吸烟。 In many public places in England, it ①________________. Even at home, without the permission of other members, smoking ②________________. So some people in China also hold the opinion that our law should also ③________________ in public. 答案：(1)①to play　②smoking　③to look　(2)①is forbidden to smoke　②is forbidden　③forbid people to smoke 6．strike vt. 敲击；打中；忽然想起；给人深刻印象；罢工 n. 罢工 归纳拓展 strike sb. on the head/arm 打某人的头/臂 strike a bargain/deal 达成交易 strike sb. (as sth.) 给某人印象；让某人觉得 go on strike 举行罢工

　　③________ ________ ________ ________(我忽然想到) that we might have made the wrong decision. ④The workers ________ ________ ________ ________(将举行罢工) if the demands they put forward are turned down. 答案：①What struck me most　②was struck by floods　③It struck/hit/occurred to me　④will go on strike 1.pay off 还清(债务)；取得成功；得到回报 归纳拓展 pay for 为……付钱/付出代价 pay back 偿还(债务)；报答 pay a visit to 参观；访问 pay attention to 注意；重视 答案：①paid off　②pay off your old loan/debt　③pay attention to their lessons 2．be in good/poor condition 处于好的/坏的状况 归纳拓展 out of/in bad condition (人)身体不适 on condition that 只要；条件是 on this/that condition 在这种/那种条件下 on no condition 绝不；一点儿也不 working/living conditions 工作/生活条件

　　③You are bound to achieve your aim ________ ________ ________(只要) you spare no efforts and costs. ④Over the past years, his ________ ________(生活条件) haven't improved, which cast him down. 答案：①in poor condition　②on no condition　③on condition that　④living conditions 1.Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多莉病重的消息。 该句中的划线部分是一个由that引导的同位语从句。 归纳拓展 同位语从句紧跟在fact, news, idea, doubt, possibility, hope, promise, belief, suggestion, request等名词后，用来说明解释名词的具体内容。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而被其他成分隔开，在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。 　第一部分

　　选修八

　　路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 人教版 · 高考总复习 Unit 2　Cloning 选修八 第一部分　基础知识聚焦 考点探究演练 2 基础知识巩固 3 基础知识晨记 1 基础知识晨记 Ⅰ.单词速记 A．快速识记 1．________ vt.禁止；不准 2．________ vt.获得；赢得 3．________ vt.扔；投；掷 4．________ vt.欠；归功于 5．________ adj.最初的；开始的 6．________ vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 7．________ adj.义务的；强制的 8．________ vt.& vi.打扰；烦心　n．烦扰 forbid obtain cast owe initial adore compulsory bother

　　9．________ vt.& vi.打；罢工；撞击　n. 罢工 10．________ n．媒体；媒介→(复数形式)________ 11．________ vt.抵抗；对抗→________ n．反抗；抵抗力 12．__________ vt.& vi.积累；聚积→____________ n．积累；累积 13．__________ adj.商业的；贸易的→________ n．商业；贸易 14．__________ n．假定；设想→________ vt.假定；假设；承担 15．________ vi.反对；不赞成→________ n．反对；不赞成；异议 strike medium media resist resistance accumulate accumulation commercial commerce assumption assume object objection 16．________ adj.道德的；伦理的→________ n．道德；品行；美德 17．________ vi.退休；离开→________ adj.退休的→__________ n．退休；退役 18．________ adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的→________ n．虚荣(心)；自负；自大 19．________ vi.不同；相异→________ adj.不同的→___________ n．差别；不同(之处) 20．_________ adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→(反义词) ___________ adj.不合理的；非理智的→______ vt.推理；推断 moral morality retire retired retirement vain vanity differ different difference reasonable unreasonable reason B．归类巧记 1．巧记合成名词 ①break through→breakthrough 突破 ②break out→outbreak 爆发 ③fall down→downfall 垮台 ④get together→get­together 聚会 2．由forbid的用法想到的 3．accumulate相关动词小结 ①accumulate vt. & vi. 积累 ②increase vt. & vi. 增长 ③enlarge vt. & vi. 扩大；放大 ④expand vt. & vi. 扩大；膨胀 ⑤shrink vt. & vi. 收缩；缩小 ⑥reduce vt. & vi. 减少 4．resist形近词集锦 ①resist v．抵抗 ②insist v. 坚持 ③assist v. 协助

　　④assistant n. 助手

　　⑤consist vi. 由……组成

　　⑥consistent adj. 始终如一的；一贯的

　　Ⅱ.高频短语 1．还清；得到好结果________________ 2．赞成；支持________________ 3．使沮丧；使失望________________ 4．不时；偶尔________________ 5．反对________________ 6．使……复生；使……复活________________ 7．一定或注定要做……________________ 8．对某人判刑________________ 9．克服；熬过；恢复________________ 10．白费力气；枉费心机________________ pay off in favor of cast down from time to time object to bring ...back to life be bound to do ... make sentence to sb. get over in vain 11．将……归功于……________________ 12．旁路；支线；岔道________________ 13．使……刻骨铭心________________ 14．状况很好(坏)________________ 15．另一方面________________ 16．义务教育________________ 17．值得做某事________________ 18．适合于……的________________ 19．取得突破________________ 20．A不同于B________________ owe ...to ... side road strike ...into one's heart in good/poor condition on the other hand compulsory education be worth doing sth. be appropriate to/for ... make a breakthrough A differs from B Ⅲ.佳句填空 1．The fact is ________ these are both examples of natural clones. 实际上，这些都是自然克隆现象。 2．But at last the determination and ________(patient)of the scientists ________ ________ in 1996 with ________ breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep. 但是，科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊多莉的诞生。 3．However, scientists still wonder ________ cloning will help or harm us and ________ it is leading us. 然而科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类，以及克隆技术将把我们引向哪里感到困惑。 4．This is ________ the cloning of mammals is still ________ new science and ________ story only began seriously in the 1950s ________ this list shows. 这是因为克隆哺乳动物仍然还是一门新的科学，它是从20世纪50年代才开始进行认真研究的，如下表所示。

　　5．Then ________ of them would be left to continue the species. 这样它们可能一个也留不下来传宗接代了。 答案：1.that　2.patience; paid off; a　3.whether; where　4.because; a; its; as　5. none Ⅳ.语法过关 同位语从句 1．We've just heard a warning on the radio ________ a typhoon may be on its way. 2．The fact ________ this country spends more on its military than on education and health care combined is a serious and worrying thought. 3．I made a promise to myself ________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. 4．I have no idea ________ the cell phone isn't working, so could you fix it for me? 5．Don't worry! There is still a great chance ________ we can make up for the lost time. 答案：1.that　2.that　3.that　4.why　5.that Ⅴ.语篇填空 On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of ①________(object) and had a great impact ②________ the media and public imagination. It became controversial. It suddenly opened everybody's eyes to the ③________(possible) of using cloning to cure serious illnesses and even to produce human beings.④________ at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult ⑤________(obtain), newspapers wrote of evil leaders hoping to clone themselves to attain ⑥________ ambitions. Religious leaders also raised moral questions.

　　Governments became nervous and more conservative. Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning, ⑦________ other countries like China and the UK, continued to accumulate evidence of the abundant medical aid ⑧________ cloning could provide. However, scientists still wonder ⑨________ cloning will help or harm us and where it ⑩________(lead) us.

　　答案：①objections　②on　③possibility　④Although　⑤to obtain　⑥their　⑦but　⑧that　⑨whether　⑩is leading 考点探究演练 1.object vt. 反对；不赞成(后常接介词to) 归纳拓展 object to sb./sth. 不赞成/反对…… object to doing sth. 反对做某事 object that ... 反对…… have an objection to ... 反对…… raise an objection to ... 对……提出异议

　　④It was he who ________ ________ ________ ________(反对) your arbitrary assumption. 答案：①objecting　②cheating　③objection　④objected to/had an objection to 2．bother vt. 打扰　vi. 操心；费心　n. 烦扰 归纳拓展 bother (oneself) to do sth. 费心做某事 bother sb. about/with sth. 就某事打扰某人 bother sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事 It bothers sb. that ... 使某人烦恼的是…… have bother doing sth. 做某事很费劲

　　④________ ________ ________(bother) by the problem for such a long time, she made up her mind to seek help from her teacher. 答案：①to give　②finding　③with　④Having been bothered 3．resist vt. 抵抗；对抗 归纳拓展 resist sb. doing sth. 反对某人做某事 can't resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 be hard/difficult to resist 难以抗拒

　　③Finally no one could resist ________ (burst) into laughter. ④As for me, tasty food ________ ________ ________ ________(难以抗拒)． 答案：①consciously resist　②forbidding　③bursting　④is hard to resist * * 　第一部分