2024届高考英语二轮复习精讲学案:专题10 连词和状语从句(原卷版)

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2024届高考英语二轮复习精讲学案:专题10 连词和状语从句(原卷版)

  【2024考纲解读】

  状语从句包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句和结果状语从句。状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词的掌握上,尤其要重视as, until, before, since, when, in case等连词的各种语义功能和语法功能。其考点主要包括:

  1.考查状语从句的连接词。要掌握每个连词的含义及其用法,还有它们之间的一些区别。如:时间状语从句的连词有while, when,as,as soon as,until,not…until,before, after,since等; 条件状语从句的连词有 if,unless, in case, on condition that, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that)等; 结果状语从句的连词有so…that(如此……以至于),such…that(如此……以至于)等。

  2.考查固定搭配和习惯用法的连接词。如:no sooner…than/hardly…when(一……就……); the moment/minute,directly等的连词功能。

  3.考查不同性质的连词在不同的语境中所表现的不同意义,如as既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句; where引导地点状语从句和定语从句等。

  4.考查状语从句的时态。主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来,以及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。

  5.考查状语从句的省略。在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中,常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式等成分。如果从句中有“it is+形容词”,也可以省略it is。

  连词的考查主要集中在并列句和各种复合句中,主要考查连词的意义辨析。如:and, but, or或while以及其他连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。

  2024年考查的重点仍然是考生容易混淆的近似连词的用法区别,试题的结构将越来越复杂,设题的角度将越来越多样化。 对定语从句的考查仍将不会单纯地考查其语法结构,而是把它融入到一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。

  【重点知识梳理】

  一时间状语从句

  (一)when,while与as引导的时间状语从句

  1.when,while与as引导时间状语从句的区别

  连词 谓语动词 用法点津

  when 延续性动词

  非延续性动词 从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生

  while 延续性动词 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生

  as 延续性动词 强调主从句动作相伴发生,可译为“一边……一边……;随着”

  When they heard the news that Shenzhou Ⅸ had been sent up into space successfully,they jumped with joy.

  听到“神舟”九号成功发射的消息,他们高兴地跳了起来。

  While I was reading,he came in.

  我正在看书时,他进来了。

  The students sang as they walked.

  学生们边走边唱。

  2.while还可以作并列连词,表示对比,意为“而,却”。

  Liu Wang is from Shanxi while Liu Yang comes from Henan.

  刘旺来自山西,而刘洋来自河南。

  3.when也可以作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”。

  We were having a meeting when someone broke in.

  我们正在开会这时突然有人闯了进来。

  (二)before与since引导的时间状语从句

  1.before与since的常用句式

  连词 词义 常用句式

  before 在……之前,

  还未……就……;

  ……才……;

  趁……,

  还没来得及…… It will (not) be+一段时间+before...(没有)过……时间才

  It was not long before...

  不久……就

  It was+时间段+before...

  过了……(时间)才……

  since 自从……以来 It is/has been+一段时间+since...(从句用一般过去时)

  It was+一段时间+since...(从句用过去完成时)

  It will be two years before he leaves the country.

  再过两年他才会离开这个国家。

  It wasn't two years before he left the country.

  不到两年他就离开了这个国家。

  2.since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词,所表示的动作自从句谓语动作算起;若用延续性动词,所表示的动作自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。

  It's two years since we arrived here.

  我们到这儿两年了。

  It's three years since we lived here.

  我们不住在这里有三年了。

  (三)表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句

  1.引导时间状语从句,且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有:as soon as,the moment,the minute,immediately,directly,hardly/scarcely... when,no sooner... than...。

  2.hardly/scarcely... when,no sooner... than...中主句应用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时;当no sooner...和hardly/scarcely...位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。

  (四)until与till引导的时间状语从句

  1.until与till引导时间状语从句的区别

  连词 位置 用法点津

  until 可以放在句首 not...until可用于强调句型

  till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句型

  2.not until位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。

  (五)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)

  1.其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有after,whenever,every time,each time,next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。

  Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.

  每当我们遇到困难,他们就来帮忙。

  2.by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时,主句用将来完成时;by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。

  By the time you come back, we'll have finished the job.

  到你回来的时候,我们将已经完成这项工作。

  They had planted ten trees by the time we arrived.

  我们到的时候,他们已经种了10棵树了。

  二条件状语从句

  1.引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词有if,unless,as/so long as,in case(万一),once,on condition that,provided/providing (that),supposing(that)等。

  You'll fail the exam unless you study hard.

  除非你努力学习,否则你会考试不及格。

  As long as you don't lose heart,you will succeed.

  只要你不灰心,你就会成功。

  In case there is a fire,what will we do first?

  万一发生火灾,我们首先做什么?

  2.在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。

  三让步状语从句

  (一)although,though,as与while引导的让步状语从句

  1.although引导让步状语从句时,只能用正常语序;though引导让步状语从句时,可用正常语序,也可用倒装语序;as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序,即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词。

  Although the sun is shining, it isn't very warm.

  尽管艳阳高照,天气并不是很暖和。

  Happy as they were, there was something missing.

  尽管他们快乐,但总缺少点什么。

  2.although与though都可以与yet,still连用,但不能和but连用。

  3.though还可以作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末。

  I've a bit of cold.It is nothing much,though.

  我有点感冒,不过不太严重。

  4.while引导让步状语从句时,一般置于句首。

  While I admit that there are problems,I don't agree that they cannot be solved.

  尽管我承认有问题存在,但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。

  (二)even if与even though引导的让步状语从句

  even if与even though表示“即使,纵然”,有退一步设想的意味,多用于书面语中。

  I'll do it, even if it takes me all the afternoon.

  我要做这件事,即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。

  Even if I were in your place, I wouldn't take the job.

  即使我处于你的位置,我也不会接受这份工作。

  (三)“no matter+疑问词”与“疑问词+ever”引导的让步状语从句

  1.“no matter+疑问词”相当于“疑问词+ever”,二者都可以引导让步状语从句。

  Don't trust him, no matter what/whatever he says.

  无论他说什么,不要相信他。

  2.whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句。

  (四)whether...or...引导的让步状语从句

  Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

  不管你相信与否,那都是真的。

  四地点状语从句

  1.引导地点状语从句的从属连词where, wherever指具体地点时,从句可位于主句之前或之后;表示抽象条件的含义时,从句需放在主句之前。如:

  Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。

  You are free to go wherever you like.

  你愿意去哪里就去哪里。

  2.注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。如:

  You'd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)

  You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. (定语从句)

  你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。

  五原因状语从句

  1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that,每个连词的含义不尽相同。

   区别

  项目 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调

  because

  (因为) 主句

  前或后 直接因

  果关系 强 能 能

  as(由于) 主句

  前或后 对方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能

  since/now

  That(既然) 主句前

  如:

  She's studying because she has a test tomorrow.

  她正在学习,因为她明天有考试。

  As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.

  由于在下雨,我们不去公园了。

  Now that/Since everybody is here,

  let's begin our meeting.

  既然大家都在,我们开始开会吧。

  2.此外,when也可以表示原因,意为:since; considering that既然;考虑到。如:

  It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.

  既然步行5分钟能轻松到达那里,你却打车,你可真够愚蠢的。

  六目的状语从句和结果状语从句

  1.目的状语从句

  引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest等。如:

  I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.

  我会慢慢说,这样你就能理解我。

  Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.

  带上雨衣以防下雨。

  2.结果状语从句

  (1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so that, so...that..., such...that...在非正式语体中,由so...that...,such...that...引导的句子中的that可以省略,注意其结构形式:

  如:

  Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.

  =Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.

  迈克是一个如此诚实的工人,以至于我们都相信他。

  It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.

  天气如此晴朗,以至于我们都想去公园。

  He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.

  他挣的钱如此少,以至于养不起家。

  当so或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。如:

  So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all difficult problems.

  他是如此聪明的学生,以至于能成功地解出所有难题。

  (2)除结果状语从句外,too...to...(太……而不能……),enough to...(达到某种程度可以……),so...as to...(那么……以至于……)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如:

  He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus.

  =He got up too late to catch the bus.

  =He got up so late as to miss the bus.

  他起床太晚,以至于没赶上那班公共汽车。

  七方式状语从句

  引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句中所述的情况很可能实现,也可用陈述语气。如:

  Do as you are told to, or you'll be fired.

  告诉你怎么做就怎么做,否则你会被解雇。

  The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.

  这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。

  I feel as if I have a fever.

  我感觉像是发烧了。

  考点一、考查连词的用法

  1. 【2024·北京】25.He is a shy man,___he is not afraid of anything or anyone.

  A.so

  B. but

  C.or

  D. as

  (2024北京卷)21. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.

  A. so

  B. or

  C. for

  D. but

  考查词

  .【2024·天津】12. We need to get to the root of the problem______ we can solve it.

  A. while

  B. after

  C. before

  D. as

  【2024·四川】6.There is only one more day to go

  your favorite music group play live.

  A. since

  B. until

  C. when

  D. before

  考点三、考查状语从句

  【2024·安徽】34.______ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.

  A. Where

  B. As

  C. In case

  D. Now that

  (2024江西卷)35. It was the middle of the night __ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game .