英语北师大版一轮复习讲练：Part II 语法部分 专题15 简单句、并列句和反意疑问句
专题十五 简单句、并列句和反意疑问句
一、简单句
简单句是指只包含一个主谓结构，而且句子的各个成分都只是单词和短语。也就是说，如果一个句子里出现两个或更多并列的主语共同使用一个谓语，或一个主语后面接两个或多个并列的谓语，或者两个主语后面接两个谓语，我们都应视其为简单句。
Not only Tom but also his two sisters take great interest in piano. 不仅汤姆，而且他的两个姐姐也对钢琴感兴趣。
The man got up, put on his coat, hurried downstairs and run out into the street. 那个人起床，穿上大衣，匆匆忙忙下了楼，跑到了街上。
二、并列句
并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起，但有时不用连接词，只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. 在射门前他迟疑了一下，要不然的话，他就进了一球。
He came to my class every week, but his attitude suggested he was not really interested in the subject. 每周他都会来上我的课，但从他的态度中我知道他对这门课程并不是真的感兴趣。
三、反意疑问句
反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。
Your brother has gone to the library, hasn't he? 你弟弟去图书馆了，是吗？
He was a lazy child, and he didn't pass the exam, did he? 他是一个懒孩子，他没能通过考试，是吗？
This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn't it? 这是他第二次去日本，是吗？
在近几年的高考试题中对简单句、并列句和反意疑问句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
一、简单句
1．考查简单句中的并列成分
Tired and hungry, the old man couldn't walk any further.
老人又累又饿，走不动了。
The two girls walked along the path, talking and laughing.
那两个女孩沿小路走着，有说有笑。
The man tied the horse to a tree and went into the inn.
那个人把马栓到一棵树上，走进了酒馆
2．考查情景对话中的简单句的用法
(1)—Shall we go out for dinner tonight？今晚我们出去吃饭吧？
—That sounds great.那太好了！
(2)
—It shouldn't take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.聚会后如果我们都帮忙的话很快就会收拾干净。
—That‘s right. Many hands make light work.
是的。人多力量大。
二、并列句
1.考查so, and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...等表示先后、递进关系的并列连词
All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 这项任务的所有准备工作都已完成，我们正准备着手做它。
Not only does she speak Spanish, she also knows how to type.
她不但会说西班牙语， 还会打字呢。
2．考查or,
or else, either...or...等表示选择关系的并列句Come and have lunch with me；either Tuesday or Wednesday.来和我共进午餐，星期二或者星期三。
3．考查but, yet, still, however等连接的表示相反或者转折的并列句
They are not very good, but we like to play basketball with them anyway. 他们球技不是很好，但不管怎样我们还是喜欢和他们打篮球。
三、反意疑问句
1.考查祈使句的反意疑问句
Don't play football in the street, will you?
不要在街上打篮球好吗？
2.考查let's ...的反意疑问句
Let's go home together, shall we?
我们一起回家好吗？
3．考查陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意义的词的反意疑问句
He seldom takes a bus to school, does he？他很少乘公共汽车去学校，对吗？
4.考查复合句的反意疑问句
They said that you had finished your homework, didn't they？他们说你做完作业了，是吗？2011重庆卷28】I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ______ ?
A. could he
B. didn’t I
C. didn’t you
D. could they
B
【考点】考查反义疑问句。
【解析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为肯定，故附加部分为否定，本句含有一个宾语从句且主句为“I told them……，所以选择B。句意：我告诉他们并非每个人都可以跑得和你一样快，不是吗？
2011辽宁卷33】_____ a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
A. Which
B. What
C. How
D. Whether
where
B
【考点】考查感叹句。
【解析】句意：多么奇怪的植物啊！我以前从没见过。此处为“What+a/an十adj.+n．+it is/was”的省略结构，故B项正确。
2011上海卷 30】It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _______?
A. doesn’t it
B. does it
C. don’t they
D. do they
B
【考点】考查反义疑问句。
【解析】反义疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为否定，故附加部分为肯定，句意：他们是否来参加你的派对，没有关系，是吗？
〖10全国〗I have seldom seen my mother _______ pleased with my progress as she is now .
A. so
B. very
C. too
D. rather
A
〖考点〗此题考查so…as….的固定结构
so…as….的固定结构, 题干中的关键词是as, 译为 “像…..一样, 正如…..一样”。因此选择A。
09湖南〗You and I could hardly work together,
?
A. could you
B. couldn’t I
C. couldn’t we
D. could we
D
〖考点〗反义疑问句的用法。
〖解析〗根据陈述部分是肯定形式, 疑问部分用否定形式；反之。陈述部分中含有否定词hardly, 故疑问部分用肯定形式, 主语是you and I。故应选D。
09陕西〗He must be helping the old man to water the flowers,
?
A. is he
B. isn’t he
C. must he
D. mustn’t he
B
〖考点〗考查反意疑问句。
〖解析〗陈述句中的谓语中虽有情态动词must, 但此处must表示对正在进行的动作进行推测, 将其不看作情态动词。而must后有助动词be, 故反意疑问句根据助动词be来构成, 选B。
09四川〗—I wonder ________ you’ll water this kind of flower.
Every other day.
A. how often
B. how long
C. how soon
D. how much
〖答案〗A
〖考点〗相似疑问词的区别。
〖解析〗根据答语Every other day可知对方问的是多久浇一次这种花。how often问频率, 符合题意。
09上海〗Sally’s never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, ______?
A. hasn’t she B. has she C. isn’t she D. is she
B
〖考点〗此题考查反意问句。
〖解析〗Sally’s的完全形式是Sally has, 判断反意问句部分用助动词has；never表示否定, 因此反意问句部分用肯定。答案B。
09辽宁〗It’s the first time that he has been to Australia,
?
A
isn’t he
B
hasn’t he
C
isn’t it
D
hasn’t it
C
〖考点〗此题考查反意问句。
〖解析〗陈述部分是主从复合句时, 其反意疑问部分的构成常以主句为判断依据。答案C。
08湖南〗
the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
A.Having searched
B.To search
C.Searching
D.Search
D
〖考点〗此题考查祈使句+and+简单句
+and+简单句, 相当于if引导的条件状语从句。
08江苏〗It is often said that the joy of travelling is
in arriving at your destination
in the journey itself.
A./;but
B./;or
C.not;or
D.not;but
D
〖考点〗此题考查并列句式。
〖解析〗not...but...不是……而是……, 连接两个并列成分。句意为：据说旅游的快乐不在于你所到达的地方而在于旅程本身。
07北京〗When you’ve finished with that book,
don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,
?
A.do you
B.don’t you
C.will you
D.won’t you
C
〖考点〗祈使句的反意疑问句
〖解析〗祈使句的反意疑问句一般用will you。
07上海〗The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.
it was!
A.What a dangerous scene
B.What dangerous a scene
C.How a dangerous scene
D.How dangerous the scene
A
〖考点〗本题考查感叹句。
〖解析〗What a dangerous scene it was! = How dangerous the scene was!
〖06全国〗Mary,
here—everybody else, stay where you are.
A.come
B.comes
C.to come
D.coming
A
〖考点〗考查祈使句的用法
〖解析〗本题考查了祈使句的用法。Mary和everybody else作为呼语出现, 后面的句子为祈使句, 省略了第二人
you, 故应用动词原形。
06全国〗We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter,
?
A.do you
B.can we
C.will you
D.shall we
C
〖考点〗此题考查祈使句的反意疑问句
〖解析〗祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you, 意思是
“好吗, 可以吗”。
06福建〗I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus,
?
A.hadn’t you
B.wouldn’t you
C.aren’t I
D.didn’t she
B
〖考点〗本题考查反意疑问句。
〖解析〗在反意疑问句中, 如果主句的谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, imagine, be sure等, 且主语为第一人称, 简略问句仅有肯定或否定是与主句相对应, 而主语和时态要与宾语从句一致。
06重庆〗
and I’ll get the work finished.
A.Have one more hour B.One more hour
C.Given one more hourD.If I have one more hour
B
〖考点〗本题考查 “祈使句+and+简单句”的用法,
“祈使句+and+简单句”的用法, 其中祈使句可转换成名词短语, 如One more word and I’ll beat you flat.因此B项正确。如果选C, D两项, 要去掉and。1．(2010江苏盐城高三调研)—Andrew won't like it, you know.
—________？ I don't care what Andrew thinks!
A．So what
B．So where
C．So why
D．So how
【答案与解析】 A 根据下文的“我不在乎安德鲁怎么想”判断，应选A项，意为“那又怎么样呢？”
2．(2010安徽安庆一中高三模拟) Help others whenever you can ________ you will make the world a nicer place to live in.
A．but
B．or
C．unless
D．and
【答案与解析】 D 这是“祈使句＋and＋简单句”结构，相当于一个含有条件状语从句的句子：If you help others whenever you can, you will make the world a nicer place to live in.
3．(2010陕西五校高三模拟)When you've finished with that book, don't forget to put it back one the shelf，________？
A．do you
B．don't you
C．will you
D．won't you
【答案与解析】 C 肯定的祈使句的反意疑问句可用will you或won't you，但否定的祈使句的反意疑问句只能用will you。
4．(2010河北保定市高三二模)You have failed two tests. You'd better start working harder, ________you won't pass the course.
A．and
B．so
C．but
D．or
【答案与解析】 D or“否则；不然的话”，引导并列句。
5．(2010山西康杰中学高三四模)If you talk nice and polite, people listen to you. If you shout, this is no good,
________？
A.do you B．don't you
C.is it
D.isn't it
【答案与解析】 C 句子的主语为this, that时，反意问句的主语用it。
6．(2010四川绵阳高考模拟)You may not have played very well today, but at least you've got through to the next round and ________.
A．tomorrow never comes
B．tomorrow is another day
C．never put off till tomorrow
D．there is no tomorrow
【答案与解析】 B 该题需根据上下文的语义判断，tomorrow is another day“明天又是新的一天”。
7．(2010浙江杭州高三二模)________ it was!
A．What a splendid scene
B．What splendid
a scene
C．How a splendid
scene
D．How splendid
the scene
【答案与解析】 A scene是可数名词同时又是中心词，所以选A项，用How来引导则为：How splendid a scene it was!
8．(安徽省合肥市2010高三年级模拟试卷)Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ________ their education that causes misunderstanding.
