陕西省2024高考英语一轮复习 《Great Scientists》课时作业 外研必修4
高三一轮英语课时作业
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—That’s me when I graduated from college.See what I look like now.
—Why not take up exercise to improve your________？
A．lookB．form
C．shadow
D．figure
2．China，which has the largest population of the world，joined the WTO last week，________15 years of talks.
A．to end
B．ended
C．ending
D．ends
3．The story happened in________and the hero was in his________.
A．the 1840s；thirties
B．the 1840s；thirty
C．1840s；thirties
D．1840s；thirty
4．It has been raining for three days.I hope________.
A．it will clean up
B．it will clear up
C．it to clean up
D．it to be cleaned up
5．________of the surface of the earth________covered with water.
A．Two thirds；is
B．Two third；is
C．Two thirds；are
D．Two third；are
6．I agree with most of what you said，but I don’t agree with________.
A．everything
B．anything
C．something
D．nothing
7．As a result of the use of the new technology，the production of this product________50 percent.
A．has risen to
B．has been raised to
C．has risen by
D．has been risen by
8．In the accident，he was lucky to escape ________.
A．to be injured
B．injuring
C．injured
D．being injured
9．When you have finished the book，please ________ it on the shelf.
A．replace
B．instead of
C．in place of
D．take the place of
10．Though he didn’t agree with us at first，we soon ________ him to our way of thinking.
A．converted
B．transferred
C．modified
D．exchanged
11．I listened to Dr.Johnson’s lecture about the American history and culture，but I failed to get its key ________.
A．words
B．points
C．notes
D．messages
12．John had to have his house repaired because it ________ in the earthquake.
A．damaged
B．was being damaged
C．had damaged
D．had been damaged
13．The strange man went out with a word “God bless you”，________ me astonished there.
A．making
B．leaving
C．getting
D．left
14．After learning these，they ________ how to prevent the kid entering the Internet bar.
A．worked out
B．figured out
C．turned out
D．came out
15．Your window wants ________；you’d better have it ______ this week.
A．cleaning；do
B．to be cleaned；do
C．cleaning；done
D．being cleaned；done
Ⅱ.句子翻译
16．印度向许多国家出口茶叶和棉花。
________________________________________________________________________
17．给我那个红的，而不是绿的。(instead of)
________________________________________________________________________
18．毕业以后，他在微软作电脑工程师。
________________________________________________________________________
19．他爷爷过去以作画谋生。
________________________________________________________________________
20．A survey recently found that although 80 percent of Chinese youths care about global warming，most of them do nothing to prevent it.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ.阅读理解
The people who built Stonehenge in southern England thousands of years ago had wild parties，eating barbecued pigs and breaking pottery.This is according to recent work by archaeologists—history experts who investigate how human beings lived in the past.
Archaeologists’digging near Stonehenge last year discovered the remains of a large prehistoric village where they think the builders of the mysterious stone circle used to live.The village is about 4,600 years old，the same age as Stonehenge and as old as the pyramids in Egypt.It is less than two miles from the famous ancient landmark and lies inside a massive man-made circular dirt wall，or“henge”，known as the Durrington Walls.
Remains found at the site included jewellery，stone arrowheads，tools made of deer antlers，wooden spears and huge amounts of animal bones and broken pottery.“These finds suggest Stone Age people went to the village at special times of the year to feast and party，” says Mike Parker－Pearson from Sheffield University in England.
He said many of the pig bones they found had been thrown away half－eaten.He also said the partygoers appeared to have shot some of the farm pigs with arrows，possibly as a kind of sport before barbecuing them.
An ancient road which led from the village to the River Avon was also found.Here，the experts think，people came after their parties to throw dead relatives in the water so the bodies would be washed downstream to Stonehenge.
Parker－Pearson believes Stonehenge was like a cemetery where ancient Britons buried the dead and remembered their ancestors.“The theory is that Stonehenge is a kind of spirit home to the ancestors.”
The recent discovery of the village within the Durrington Walls shows that Stonehenge didn’t stand alone but was part of a much bigger religious site，according to Parker－Pearson.
People still come to worship and celebrate at Stonehenge today.They meet there when the sun sets on the shortest day of winter and when it rises on the longest day of summer.But the days of barbecuing whole pigs there and throwing family members into the river are a thing of the past.
21. What was Stonehenge according to the text?
A．A village where hundreds of people once lived.
B．A place that regularly hosted large parties.
C．A church where local villagers would get married.
D．A site where dead people were placed or remembered.
22．The underlined word“It” ( Paragraph 2) refers to________.
A．the village
B．Stonehenge
C．the pyramid
D．the dirt wall
23．From the text we can infer that the people who came to the village________.
A．liked to drink wine
B．knew how to hunt
C．were from Egypt
D．lived by the River Avon
24．What do experts think people did after the village parties?
A．Returned to live at Stonehenge.
B．Prayed for good luck in the new year.
C．Hunted farm pigs as a sport.
D．Put their dead relatives in the river.
25．When do people most often go to Stonehenge today?
A．When a new discovery is made.
B．At the beginning of summer and winter.
C．On the longest and shortest days of the year.
D．When they want to have a barbecue.
Ⅳ.信息匹配
A．Do make your boss look good
B．Do discover the chains of commands
C．Do try to find a common ground with the people you work with
D．Do discover your company’s corporate culture
E．Do make yourself outstanding in your workplace
F．Don’t spend all your waking hours working.No one will care
26.
Discover your company’s/department’s corporate culture to see if you’re a fit.A job contains a range of personalities，lifestyles and interests.The corporate culture is where all of these things mesh together to create a set of norms and values that give identity to your company.For example，everyone at your job may wear shorts but you like to wear pants.No one at your job smokes but you do，or all your coworkers like to get together and gossip but，you’d prefer to be alone.Not “fitting in” may affect your advancement.
27.
People like to be around people that they can relate to.Besides the home，work is the second place where you’ll spend the majority of your time.So it’s essential to find similar interests that you and your co－workers share as to pass your time there more smoothly.For example，did you and any of your co－workers graduate from the same school？Do you and any of your co－workers have mutual friends？Or do your children attend the same school?
28.
You take on every project that’s handed to you.You rush to finish your work and offer to assist everyone else’s with theirs.You shorten your lunch or skip it all together to respond to phone calls and emails with the hope that your boss will notice.HE WON’T！WORK SMART！Not hard.Take on only those things that will help to show your talents and your added value to the company.
29.
You do it all the time.You rant and rave about your boss’ incompetence and about how much of a fool he is.How much smarter you are and，how you can do his job 100 times better than he can—BLINDFOLDED.OK，that may be true but，trying to outshine him will not get you that promotion.So join forces and help your boss look good by assisting him with his projects and by helping him to become more efficient and organized.
30.
Know the people that have seniority in your company and work to create an alliance.Be aware though，that the key players may not be the CEO，the Director of Operations or the Senior Executive.They may take the form of receptionist，doorkeeper or administrative assistant or someone who’s been with the company for years.
Ⅴ.短文改错
I am good at all the subjects，and always ready help others.At school I get along well with my classmates.Therefore，I have a problem that troubles myself all the time.It’s the relationship among my deskmate and me.He is a hard－working student，who keeps school rule well.But he’s a person with few words.What’s more，he got angry easily.I don’t know what to deal with him.Maybe it’s why we’ve seldom sat down to exchange our feelings or thoughts.I value our friendship.I hope we can know more about with each other and understand each other better.I do hope we will be close to each other than before.
课时作业答案
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．D 由take up exercise与that’s me when I graduated from college的对比，可知这个人现在身材不好了。improve your figure保持你的身材；look外表；form形式；shadow影子。
2．C 此处ending为现在分词作状语，表结果。
3．A “in the 1840s”中的定冠词the不能省掉，“in his thirties”中的数词为复数形式。
4．B hope后接从句而不接复合宾语，故C、D两项不合适；而A项中的clean up是及物动词短语，应加宾语才对。
5．A 句意为“三分之二的地球表面覆盖着水”。本题考查分数的用法及主谓一致。分数表示法为分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子大于1时，分母加s，故2/3应为two thirds，又因为surface一词为单数形式，故只有A正确。
6．A 本题考查了部分否定用法。everything和not连用表示部分否定，符合题意；anything和not连用则表示全部否定意义；something不能和not连用；nothing与题意矛盾。句意为“我同意你所讲的大部分，但我并非全部同意”。
7．C rise为不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，D错。表示增减的程度应用介词by，故A、B错。
8．D escape 后跟动词的－ing 形式，主语与 escape 后面的动词之间的关系为被动。
9．A 根据句意：请把书放回书架上。可以推断答案为 replace，因为 replace 不仅意为“代替”还可表示“放回”。instead of 与 in place of 为介词短语表“代替”；take the place of 为动词短语表“代替”。
10．A 句意为“起初他不同意我们，但我们很快使他向我们的思考方式转变”。convert 改变(观点、习惯、信仰等)。transfer (使)转移，改变(环境)，modify 调整，使更适合，exchange 交换。
11．B 此题考查了名词的辨析和固定搭配。短语 key points 指的是“要点”，而选项A、C、D均不能够表达出正确的意思，故应该被排除。
12．D 本题考查时态和语态。damage 与 it (his house)之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且 damage 发生在主句谓语动作之前，应用过去完成时。
13．B leave 与主语 the strange man 是主动关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。leave 有“留下”之意，所以此处不应该用 making或getting。
14．B figure out 与 work out 有“想出”的意思，但 figure out 还有“弄清，明白”的意思，turn out生产，结果是；come out出来，出版。
15．C 首先 want 的主语 your window 与 want 后动词 clean 之间含有被动关系，这时 want 后跟 cleaning 与 to be cleaned 都是正确的；另外，第二个空考查“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构，have 后宾语 it 指“窗子需要擦”这件事，所以 it 与后面的 do 的关系为逻辑上的被动关系，应该用 have sth.done结构。
Ⅱ.句子翻译
16．India exports tea and cotton to many different countries.
17．Give me the red one instead of the green one.
18．After graduation，he worked as a computer engineer at Microsoft.
19．His grandfather earned his living by drawing pictures.
20．最近一项调查显示，尽管80%的中国青年人关注全球变暖这个问题，但他们大多数人却不行动起来防止这个事情。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
【语篇解读】 最近考古学家们在史前巨石柱附近发现了一个古代村庄的遗址，根据这些古人的遗留物，历史学家们推断和描述了他们当时的生活、生存状况及史前巨石柱在村民生活中的作用和地位。
21．D 细节理解题。由倒数第三段首句“...like a cemetery where ancient Britons buried the dead and remembered their ancestors”可知。
22．A 细节推断题。根据第二段介绍，可知就是在Stonehenge附近发现了这个村庄，第二、三句描述the village的年限及位置，可知“It”指前文中提到的“the village”。
23．B 理解判断题。本题可用排除法。第三、四、五段是对村民当时生活的描述，A项drink wine在文中未提及；C项Stonehenge是在英国而非埃及；D项由“An ancient road which led from the village to the River Avon”可知村庄和River Avon有一定距离而并非附近。由第四段第二句可判断B项正确。
24．D 细节理解题。由第五段第二句可知答案。
25．C 细节理解题。由末段第二句可知答案。
Ⅳ.信息匹配
26．D 27.C 28.F 29.A 30.B
Ⅴ.短文改错
I am good at all the subjects，and always ready
help others.At school I get along well with my classmates. ，I have a problem that troubles
all the time.It’s the relationship
my deskmate and me.He is a hard－working student，who keeps school
well.But he’s a person with few words.What’s more，he
angry easily.I don’t know
